ANATOMY

1. Apical cell theory was given by — Hofmister.

2. Histogen theory was given by Hanstein.

3. Tunica Carpus theory was given by — Schmidt

4. Korper - Koppe Theory was given by — Schuepp.

5. Lateral roots arise from pericycle and their origin is endogenous.

6. The lateral meristems adds to the thickness or girth of shoot and root by producing secondary vascular tissue.

7. The periderm consists of Phellem, Phellogen and Phelloderm,

8. Lenticel — is the main air exchange structure consisting of mass of loosely arranged thin walled cells occurring as small protrusion on the surface of stems, roots and fruits.

9. Lenticals are formed as a result of the action of — Phellogen

10. Cork of commerce is obtained from the heart wood of— Quercus suber.

11. Wood Fibres - When the Sclerenchymatous cells are associated with Xylem.

12. Gelatinous or Mucilaginous is a specific type of wood fibre produced by — Quercus rubra.

13. The chief function of xylem parenchyma is to store food material.

14. The process of exudation from hydathode is called Guttation which is caused due to — Root pressure.

15. The latex of Ficus callosa contains Proteins and that of Musa contains Tannins.

16. Buliform or motor cells mainly water containing cells are present in many monocot leaves, E.g. — Ammophila, Poa.

17. The epidermal cells of some families contains cystoliths which are called Lithocytes. Eg. Ficus.

18. Leotocentric or Amphivessal Vascular bundle is that in which the phloem is surrounded by xylem. Eg. Dracena, Yucca.

19. Hadrocentric or Amphicribal V. B. is that in which xylem is surounded by phloem. Eg. Polypodium, Selaginella, Lycopodium.

20. Cortical Vascular Bundles are present in the cortex of plant body. Eg. Nyctanthes, Casuarina,

21. Medullary vascular bundles are present in medulla or pith of plant body, Eg. Mirabilis, Boerhaavia Bougainvillia, Amaranthus.

22. Velamen cells are spongy and elongated dead cells devoid of protoplasm which absorb water from the atmosphere, Velamen cells are found in certain epiphytic plants in aerial roots of — Vanda, Orchid.

23. In stem lateral branches arise from— cortex and are exogenous in origin while in roots - lateral branches arise from — pericycle and are Endogenous in origin.

24. In dicot stem the hypodermis is collenchymatous while that in monocot stem is sclerenchymatous.

25. Annual rings are formed by the activity of cambial cells influenced by — Climatic conditions.

26. Heliophytes are the plants growing in the atmosphere where the intensity of sun rays is very high.

27. Pneumatophores or Breathing roots is the characteristic of Halophytes which grows in the physiologically dry soil.

28. Vivipary is an important characteristic of — Halophytes.

29. The translocation of carbohydrates in flowering plants occurs in the form of — Sucrose,

30. Lignin is most important cell wall component of xylem,

31. Lacticiferous vessels are prominent in — Hevea brasiiiensis.

32. Apospory is the development of embryo sac from nucellar cell.

33. Cambium cuts different proportions of xylem and phloem at different points in – Bignonia.

 

• roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle and are called adventitious roots
• A few millimetres above the root cap is the region of meristematic activity.
• Australian acacia, the leaves are small and short-lived. The petioles in these plants expand, become green and synthesise food.
• In racemose type of inflorescences the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession
• In cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth.The flowers are borne in a basipetal order    
• perigynous. The ovary here is said to be half inferior, e.g., plum, rose, peach.
• inferior as in flowers of guava and cucumber, and the ray florets of sunflower.
• The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called aleurone layer. It consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as scutellum and a short axis with a plumule and a radicle. The plumule and radical are enclosed in sheaths which are called coleoptile and coleorhizae respectively

  belladonna, ashwagandha – Solanaceae

• the secondary or lateral meristem. They are cylindrical meristems. Fascicular vascular cambium,
• interfascicular cambium and cork-cambium are examples of lateral meristems. These are responsible for producing the secondary tissues.
• Tracheids are elongated or tube like cells with thick and lignified walls and tapering ends.
• endodermal cells have a deposition of water impermeable, waxy material-suberin-in the form of casparian strips.
• Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in pericycle cells.
• All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the stele.
• the cells of cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is the intrafascicular cambium. The cells of medullary cells, adjoining these intrafascicular cambium become meristematic and form the interfascicular cambium.