Muhammad Ghori
- The real founder of the Muslim Empire in India was Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori
- His first invasion was directed against Multan in 1175 AD, which was successful. By 1182, Sindh was also captured. Punjab was captured by 1186 AD.
- Prithviraj Chauhan, who was the king of Delhi at that time, received contingents from other Rajput kings and defeated him in the First Battle of Tarain (1191).
- But he defeated Prithviraj in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192. Captured Delhi and Ajmer and thus laid the foundation of Muslim Rule in India. Also defeated Jaichandra (Gahadval Rajput, ruler of Kannauj) at the Battle of Chandweri in 1194 AD.
- Ikhtiyar-ud-din Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, one of Ghori's commanders, annexed Bihar and Bengal and destroyed Nalanda and Vikramshila University.
- Died in 1206 AD, leaving Qutab-ud-Din Aibak the charge.
Qutab-ud-din Aibak History (1206-1210):
- Lahore and later Delhi were his capitals.
- Famous for his generosity and earned the sobriquet of lakh-baksh (giver of Lakhs).
- Laid the foundation of Qutab Minar after the name of famous Sufi saint, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.
- Died of a horse fall at Lahore, while playing Chaugan (polo). The Turks only introduced polo in India.
- Built the first mosque in India - Quwwat-ul-Islam (at Delhi) and Adhai Din Ka Jhonpara (at Ajmer).
- He was a great patron of learning and patronized writers like Hasan Nizami, who wrote Taj-ul-Massir, and Fakhr-ud-din, writer of Tarikh-i-Mubarakshahi.
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