C0NFERANCE PLACE

visiter guest

 

Some Fact

• Sanauli, tehsil Barot, district Baghpat, U.P. is under excavation by the ASI since September 2005. The site was a chance discovery while locals undertook levelling operation for agricultural purposes. Subsequently, ASI identified the site as a prominent cemetery site of late Harappan period (early 2nd millennium B.C.).
  The excavations have so far brought to light 125 burials all in north-south orientation; most of them are primary burials. Evidence for secondary and multiple burials have also been noted. In some burials, animal’s bones are also found next to the human bones.
• The Karmapa Lama is the spiritual leader of one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, ranking only behind the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama in the Tibetan spiritual hierachy. As head of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Karmapa is a revered Tibetan figure. The present Karmapa - Ugyen Trinley Dorje - was also the first high lama to be recognised by China's communist government.
• Prabhasgiri, also known as Prabhosa, is an historical and religious center in Kaushambi District. It is situated on the banks of Yamuna River and is near Manjhanpur. The place once housed a majestic Jain temple, which was destroyed. Another Jain temple was constructed in 1824. A cave, which is 9 ft long and 7 ft wide, is another interest here. Records dating back to second century written in Brahmi script are found in the cave. The sixth tirthankar of Jains, Bhagvan Padmaprabhu lived most of his life here.

Recent Amendment

86	Amend articles 45 and 51A. Insert article 21A.[87]	12 December 2002	Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six
87	Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.[88]	22 June 2003	Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
88	Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedule 7.[89]	15 January 2004	To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax
89	Amend article 338. Insert article 338A.[90]	28 September 2003	The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
90	Amend article 332.[91]	28 September 2003	Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area
91	Amend articles 75 and 164. Insert article 361B. Amend schedule 10.[92]	1 January 2004	Restrict Cabinet size to 15 % of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws
92	Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedules 7 and 8.[93]	7 January 2004	Enable Levy of Service Tax & Include Bodo, Dogri and Maithali as National Languages
93	Amend article 15.[94]	20 January 2006	To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions
94	Amend article 164.[95]	12 June 2006	To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkand and Chattisgarh States

SPORT RECORD

Robert "Bob" Beamon (born August 29, 1946) is an American former track and field athlete, best known for his long-standing world record in the long jump at the Mexico Olympics in 1968, which remained the world record for 23 years. This is the second longest holding of this record, as Jesse Owens held the record for 25 years, 1935-1960.The record stood for 23 years until Mike Powell broke it in 1991.

सचिन तेंदुलकर ने यहां टेस्ट मैचों में शतकों का अ‌र्द्धशतक

सचिन तेंदुलकर ने यहां टेस्ट मैचों में शतकों का अ‌र्द्धशतक पूरा करके क्रिकेट जगत में नया इतिहास रच दिया। रिकॉर्ड 175वें टेस्ट मैच की 286वीं पारी खेलने वाले तेंदुलकर दुनिया के पहले बल्लेबाज हैं, जिन्होंने 50 टेस्ट शतक लगाए हैं। उनके नाम पर एकदिवसीय मैचों में 46 शतक दर्ज हैं और इस तरह से वह अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट में शतकों का सैकड़ा पूरा करने के करीब हैं। इस 37 वर्षीय बल्लेबाज ने ऐसे समय में अपना 50वां सैकड़ा ठोका जब भारतीय टीम दक्षिण अफ्रीका के खिलाफ पहले टेस्ट मैच में गहरे संकट में थी और उस पर पारी की हार का खतरा मंडरा रहा था। तेंदुलकर स्पिनर पॉल हैरिस की गेंद पर मिड ऑफ पर छक्का जड़कर नाइंटीज में पहुंचे और इसके बाद उन्होंने डेल स्टेन की गेंद पर कवर क्षेत्र में एक रन लेकर शतक पूरा किया। उनकी इस महान उपलब्धि का स्टेडियम में बैठे हजारों दर्शकों और भारतीय खिलाडि़यों ने ही नहीं बल्कि दक्षिण अफ्रीकी क्रिकेटरों ने भी तालियां बजाकर स्वागत किया। तेंदुलकर ने हमेशा की तरह शतक पूरा करने के बाद आसमान की तरफ देखकर ईश्वर का शुक्रिया अदा किया और दोनों हाथ हवा में लहराने के बाद दर्शकों का अभिवादन स्वीकार किया। तेंदुलकर ने इस साल 11 अक्टूबर को ऑस्ट्रेलिया के खिलाफ बेंगलूर में 214 रन की पारी खेलकर अपना 49वां शतक पूरा किया था और तब से उनके 50वें शतक का इंतजार बना हुआ था। तेंदुलकर यह उपलब्धि हासिल करने वाले न सिर्फ दुनिया के पहले बल्लेबाज बन गए हैं बल्कि इससे उनके और दूसरे नंबर पर काबिज ऑस्ट्रेलियाई कप्तान रिकी पोंटिंग (39) के शतकों के बीच 11 शतक का अंतर आ गया है। दक्षिण अफ्रीका के जैक्स कैलिस 38 शतक लगाकर तीसरे नंबर पर हैं। सेंचुरियन में अपनी शतकीय पारी के दौरान तेंदुलकर ने 2010 के कैलेंडर वर्ष में 1500 रन भी पूरे किए। वह इस साल इस मुकाम तक पहुंचने वाले पहले खिलाड़ी हैं। यह तेंदुलकर का एक कैलेंडर वर्ष में उनका सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रदर्शन भी है, जिसमें सात शतक भी शामिल हैं। तेंदुलकर दुनिया के उन कुछेक बल्लेबाजों में शामिल हैं, जिन्होंने टेस्ट खेलने वाले प्रत्येक देश के खिलाफ शतक लगाए हैं। उन्होंने सर्वाधिक 11 शतक ऑस्ट्रेलिया के खिलाफ बनाए हैं। इसके बाद श्रीलंका (नौ शतक) , इंग्लैंड (सात), दक्षिण अफ्रीका (छह), बांग्लादेश (पांच), न्यूजीलैंड (चार) वेस्टइंडीज और जिंबाब्वे (तीन-तीन) तथा पाकिस्तान (दो शतक) का नंबर आता है। इनमें से उन्होंने 22 शतक भारतीय और 28 शतक विदेशी सरजमीं पर लगाए हैं। तेंदुलकर ने शतक पूरा करने तक 175 टेस्ट की 286 पारी में 56.86 की औसत से 14,502 रन बनाए थे।

UPSCPORTAL-Magazine-Vol-19-Novmber-2010

UPSCPORTAL-Magazine-Vol-19-Novmber-2010

Popular Acronyms and Abbreviations

Popular Indian Acronyms and Abbreviations

A
A.A.F. – Auxiliary Air Force
A.A.O.U. – Asian Association of Open Universities
A.C.D. – Asian Co-operation Dialogue
A.D.B. – Asian Development Bank
A.D.S. – Air Defence Ship
A.E.C. – Atomic Energy Commission
A.H.Q. – Air Head Quarters; Army Head Quarters
A.I.C.C. – All India Congress Committee
A.I.D.S. – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
A.I.R. – Annual Information Report
A.J.T. – Advanced Jet Trainer
A.N.C. – African National Council
A.P.E.C. Asia-Pacific Economic Corporation
A.P.E.D.A. – Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority
A.R.C. – Administrative Reforms Commission; Asset Reconstruction Corporation (of India)
A.S.E.A.N. – Association of South East Asian Nations
A.S.I. – Archaeological Survey of India
A.U. – African Union
A.V.E.S. – Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome
B
B.A.R.C. – Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
B.C.G. – Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti-T.B. vaccine)
BIMSTEC – Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Corporation
B.S.N.L. – Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
B.O.A.C. – British Overseas Airways Corporation
B.R.E.A.D. – Basic Research Education and Development Society
B.V.R. – Beyond Visual Range
C
C.A.B.E. – Central Advisory Board of Education
C.A.C.C.I. – Confederation of Asia-Pacific Chambers of Commerce & Industry
C.M.P. – Common Minimum Programme
C.A.D.P. – Command Area Development Programme
C.A.S. – Conditional Access System
C.C.I. – Cricket Club of India
C.D.M.A. – Code Division Multiple Access
C.H.O.G.M. – Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
C.I.A. – Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.A.)
C.N.G. – Compressed Natural Gas
C.N.L.U. – Chanakya National Law University
C.N.P.C. – China National Petroleum Corporation
C.S.I.R. – Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
C.S.T.O. – Collective Security Treaty Organisation
D
D.A.E. – Department of Atomic Energy
D.D.T. – Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro-ethane
D.I.A.S. – Direct Internet Access System
D.M.R.C. – Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
D.O.A.R.T. – Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting Technology
D.P.P. – Dabhol Power Project
D.Litt. – Doctor of Literature
D.V.C. – Damodar Valley Corporation
E
E.A.S. – East Asia Summit
E.C.I.L. – Electronics Corporation of India Limited
E.D.C.I.L. – Educational Consultants India Ltd.
E.D.I. – Educational Development Index
EDUSAT – Education Satellite
E.E.C. – Eurasian Economic Community; European Economic Community
E.E.T. – Exempt, Exempt, Taxable
E.P.I.C. – Elector’s Photo Identity Card
E.S.C.A.P. – Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (This is the new name of ECAFE)
F
F.D.I. – Foreign Direct Investment
F.E.M.A. – Foreign Exchange Management Act.
F.I.C.A. – Federation of International Cricketer’s Association
F.T.A. – Free Trade Agreement
G
G.A.T.T. – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
G.D.P. – Gross Domestic Product
G.I.C. – General Insurance Corporation (of India)
G.I.S.T. – Global Institute of Science and Technology
G.N.P. – Gross National Product
G.U.A.M. – Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova
H
H.D.F.C. – Housing Development Finance Corporation
H.U.D.C.O. – Housing and Urban Development Corporation
I
I.A.A.I. – International Airport Authority of India
I.B.S.A. – India, Brazil, South Africa
I.C.R.I.E.R. – Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations
I.C.S.I.D. – International Centre for Settlement of Industrial Disputes
I.C.R.C. – International Committee of the Red Cross
I.C.S.S.R. – Indian Council of Scientific and Social Research
I.D.P.L. – Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited
I.F.P.R.I. – International Food Policy Research Institute (Located in Washington)
I.F.W.J. – Indian Federation of Working Journalists
I.C.A.R. – Indian Council of Agricultural Research
I.D.A. – International Development Association
I.G.C.A.R. – Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
I.G.M.D.P. – Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
I.G.N.C.A. – Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts
I.I.F.A. – International Indian Film Academy
I.M.D.T. – Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1983
I.M.F. – International Monetary Fund
I.M.O. – Instant Money Order
I.N.S. – Indian News Paper Society
INSDOC – Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre
I.N.T.U.C. – Indian National Trade Union Congress
I.N.T.A.C.H. – Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
I.N.X.F.A.C. – Indian Naval Extra-Fast Attact Craft
I.S.I. – Inter Services Intelligence (Pakistan)
I.S.T. – Indian Standards Time
I.S.R.O. – Indian Space Research Organisation
I.S.S.P. – Indian Scientific Satellite Project
I.T.E.R. – International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
I.T.E.S. – Information Technology Enabled Services
I.U.C.N. – International Union for Conservation of Nature
I.U.P.E.P. – Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme
J
J.V.P. – Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
L
L.I.B.O.R. – London Inter Bank Offered Rate
M
M.A.I. – Multilateral Agreement on Investment
M.C.C. – Marylebone Cricket Club
M.D.M.A. – Multi Disciplinary Monitoring Agency
M.F.A.L.A. – Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Agency
M.N.N.A. – Major Non-NATO Alley
M.R.T.P.C. – Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
N
N.A.D.T. – National Authority on Drugs and Therapeutics
N.A.R.I. – National AIDS Research Institute
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
N.B.R.A. – National Biotechnology Regulatory Authority
N.C.H.R.H. – National Council for Human Resource in Health.
N.C.A. – National Cricket Academy
N.E.A. – National Environment Authority
N.E.G.P. National E-governance Plan
N.I.F. – National Innovative Foundation
N.I.S.M. – National Institute of Securities Market
N.L.L.M. – National Legal Literacy Mission
N.M.C.C. – National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
N.M.I.T.L.I. – New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative
N.P.T. – Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
N.R.C. – Nuclear Regulatory Commission
N.R.E.G.A. – National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
N.R.H.M. – National Rural Health Mission
N.R.I. – Non-Resident Indians
N.R.S.A. – National Remote Sensing Agency
N.S.C.N. – National Social Council of Nagaland
N.U.E.P.A. – National University of Educational Planning and Administration
O
O.I.C. – Overseas Indian Citizenship
O.I.G.S. – On Indian Government Service
OIL – Oil India Limited
O.N.G.C. – Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
P
P.A.C. – Public Accounts Committee; Professional Aptitude Council
P.A.N. – Permanent Account Number
P.E.S.O. – Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO is the changed name of Department of Explosives).
P.E.T.A. – People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
P.F.R.D.A. – Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
P.H.D.C.C.I. – Progress, Harmony and Development Chambers of Commerce and Industry
P.I.L. – Public Interest Litigation
P.N.R. – Passenger Numerical Record
P.O.S.C.O. – Pohang Steel Company
P.O.T.A. – Prevention of Terrorism Act
P.T.C. – Power Trading Corporation
Q
Q.I.P. – Qualified Institutional Placement
R
R.A.F. – Rapid Action Force
R.S.V.P. – Repondez sil vous Plait (Fr.) reply, if you please
R.T.R.A. – Rail Tariff Regulatory Authority
S
SAIL – Steel Authority of India Limited
SAPTA – South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement
S.C.O. – Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
S.C.R.A.M.J.E.T. – Supersonic Combustion Ramjet
S.E.W.A. – Self-Employed Women’s Association
S.G.R.Y. – Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana
S.G.S.Y. – Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana
S.M.S. – Short Message Service; Subscriber Management System
SNIPES – Society for the National Institutes of Physical Education and Sports
S.W.A.P.O. – South-West African People’s Organization
T
TELCO – Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
T.E.R.C. – Trade and Economic Relations Committee
T.E.R.L.S. – Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
T.R.A. – Tea Research Association
T.R.A.I. – Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
TWAS – Third World Academy of Sciences
U
U.D.C. – University Development Commission
U.N.C.L.O.S. – UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
U.N.C.T.A.D. – United Nations Conference of Trade and Development
U.G.C. – University Grants Commission
U.N.E.S.C.O. – United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation
U.N.F.C.C.C. – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
U.N.I.C.E.F. – United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
U.N.I.F.I.L. – United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
U.P.A. – United Progressive Alliance
V
V.B.A.L. – Value Based Advanced Licencing
V.D.I.S. – Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme
V.S.S.C. – Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
V.A.T. – Value Added Tax
W
W.C.C.B. – Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
W.C.A.R. – World Conference Against Racism
W.E.F. – World Environment Forum
W.G.I.G. – Working Group on Internet Governance
W.F.C. – World Food Council
W.I.P.O. – World Intellectual Property Organisation
W.L.L.–M. – Mobile Wireless in Local Loop
W.S.I.S. – World Summit on Information Society
W.T.O. – World Trade Organisation
W.W.F. – World Wild Life Fund; War Wounded Foundation
Y
Y.M.C.A. – Young Men’s Christian Association
Y.W.C.A. – Young Women’s Christian Association
Z
Z.S. – Zoological Society

Important Sports Results 2010

Important Sports Results 2010

FOOTBALL
64th National Football Championship (Santosh Trophy)-2010 (August 2010, Kolkata)—Bengal defeated Punjab in the final.

Subroto Cup Junior (September 2008, New Delhi)—Boys Sports Company Bangalore beat Government Central Higher Secondary School.

FIFA World Cup 2010 (June/July, 2010, Johannesburg)—Spain beat Netherlands in the final.

UEFA European Football Championship 2008 (Eruo Cup) (June 2008, Vienna)—Spain beat Germany in the final.

Durand Cup (Sept. 2009, New Delhi)—Churchill Brothers defeated Mohun Bagan by 3–1.
TABLE TENNIS
19th Asian Table Tennis Championship (November 2009, Lucknow)—Male : Ma Long (China), Female—Ding Ning (China).
CHESS
World Junior Chess Championship (Nov. 2009; Puerto Madryn, Argentina)—Soumya Swaminathan (India).

World Chess Championship (Oct. 2008, Born, Germany)—India’s Vishwanathan Anand.

Maytas Vizag Challenger Trophy (Feb. 2008, Vishakhapatnam)—Koneru Humpy beat J. Deepan Chakravarthy.

Moreila Linares Chess Championship (March 2009, Linares, Spain)—Alexander Grischuk.

Chelyabinsk Regional Superfinal Chess Tournament (July 2006, Satka, Russia)— India’s 13-year old Parimargan Negi draws with Russian Grandmaster Ruslan Sherbakov and becomes the world’s youngest Grandmaster

Asian Girls Tournament (June 2005, Namangan, Uzbekistan)—Mary Ann Gomes (Kolkata, India).
CRICKET
Australia-India ODI Series (Oct. 2010, India)—India defeated Australia by 1–0.

India-New Zealand ODI Series (Feb.–Mar. 2009, New Zealand)—India won the series by (3–1).

ICC Under-19 World Cup Cricket (January 2010, Lincoln, New Zealand)—Australia defeated Pakistan.

ICC World Cup Cricket (March/April 2007, West Indies)—Australia defeated Sri Lanka in the final.

Twenty-20 World Cup Cricket 2010—(April/May 2010, South Africa) England beat Australia in final.

Ranji Trophy (Jan. 2010, Mysore)—Mumbai defeated Karnataka.

Women’s World Cup Cricket 2009 (March 2009 Australia)—England defeated New Zealand.

Duleep Trophy (2009-10, Hyderabad)—West Zone defeated South Zone.

India-Australia Test Series (Oct. 2010)—India won the series by (2–0).
TENNIS
AUSTRALIAN OPEN–January 2010
Men's Singles—Roger Federer (Switzerland)
Women's Singles—Serena Williams (USA)
Davis Cup (December 2009, Barcelona, Spain)—Spain defeated Czech Republic (5–0).

FRENCH OPEN—June 2010
Men's Singles—Rafael Nadal (Spain).
Women's Singles—Francesca Schiavone (Italy).

WIMBLEDON—July 2010
Men’s Singles—Rafael Nadal (Spain).
Women’s Singles—Serena Williams (USA)

U. S. OPEN—Sept. 2010
Men’s Singles—Rafael Nadal (Spain)
Women’s Singles—Kimclijsters (Belgium) beat Vera Zvonareva (Russia) in the final.

Kremlin Cup (Oct. 2009, Moscow)—Mikhail Youzhny defeated Janko Tipsarevic in the women’s final.

Fed Cup (Nov. 2009, Reggio, Italy)—Italy.
HOCKEY
Asia Cup Hockey Championship for women (November 2009, Bangkok)—China beat India.

29th Men’s Champions Trophy (August 2010, Germany)—Australia beat England.

Men’s World Cup Hockey 2010 (March 2010, New Delhi)—Australia defeated Germany (2–1)

Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament (April 2009, Ipoh, Malaysia)—India defeated Malaysia.
BILLIARDS/SNOOKER
World Billiards Championship (July 2008, Bengaluru)—Pankaj Advani beat Devendra Joshi.
BOXING
NWA World Middle Weight Title (Nov. 2007, Mexico City)—Averno.
BADMINTON
Four-Star Philippines Open Tournament—Sania Nehwal (India) defeated Julia Xiam Peiwong of Malaysia in the women’s single final.

All-England Open Badminton Championship (March 2010, Birmingham)—
Men’s singles : Lee Chong Wei (Malaysia)
Women’s singles : Rasmussen (Denmark)

National Inter-state Championship (Jan. 2006, Bangalore)—Team title Men : Petroleum Sports Promotion Board; Women : PSPB.

Thomas Cup (2010)—China defeated Indonesia.

Uber Cup (2010)—Korea defeated China.
GOLF
Australian Masters (Nov. 2009, Melbourne)—Tiger Woods.

US Master Tournament (April 2010, Georgia)—Phil Mickelson.

U.S. Open Golf Championship (June 2009, Long Island)—Lucas Glover.

List of Famous Books and Authors

Books — Authors
• Accident — Daniel Steel
• Ain-e-Akbari — Abul Fazal
• A Simple Path — Lucinda Ward
• A Mountain of Happiness — D. K. Khullar
• A Moment in Time — Alka Raghuvanshi
• Abhijnan Shakuntalam — Kalidas
• Azhar (Life) — Harsha Bhogle
• Agni Veena — Kazi Nazurul Islam
• Anna Karennina — Tolstoy
• August Coup, The —Mikhail S. Gorbachov
• Anand Math, Kapal Kundla, Durgesh Nandini— Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
• A Pair of Blue Eyes — Thomas Hardy
• Bhagwad Gita, Mahabhrat —Veda Vyas
• Bliss was it in that Dawn — Minoo Masani
• Blood Bath in Bangladesh — Prabodh Chandra
• Blood Brothers —M. J. Akbar
• Bihari Satsai — Bihari
• Bharat Bharati — Maithili Saran Gupta
• Charitraheen — Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
• Chittirappavai — P. V. Akaliandan
• Conservationist, The — Nadine Gordimer
• Cosmic Reality — Lajja Ram
• Divine Comedy — Dante
• Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History — Jawahar Lal Nehru
• Death of a city — Amrita Pritam
• Decline and Fall of Roman Empire — Gibbon
• Das Capital — Karl Marx
• Descendant of Man — Charles Darwin
• Desparate Major — David Sorel
• Death, The Supreme Friend — Kaka Saheb Kalelkar
• Experiments with Untruth — Michael Aenderson
• Economic Planning of India — Ashoka Mehta
• Eternal India — Mrs. Indira Gandhi
• End of an Era, The — C. S. Pandit
• Famished Road — Ben Okri
• Final Exit — Derek Humphry
• From the Himalayas — Ruskin Bond
• Forty years after Forgive me Amma —Sundeep Mishra
• Independence — S. K. Banerjee
• Freedom from Fear — Aung San Suu Kyi
• Glimpses of World History — Jawahar Lal Nehru
• Gandhi to Gandhi : Private Faces of Public Figures — Ansar Harvana
• Gitanjali —Rabindra Nath Tagore Good Earth, House Divided — Pearl Buck
• Golden Threshold, Broken wing — Sarojini Naidu
• Goddan, Rang Bhumi, Kaya Kalp — Prem Chand
• Gulag Archipelago — Alexander Solzhenitsyn
• Gurusangaran — O. P. Vijayan
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix — J. K. Rowling
• Harsha Charit — Bana Bhatta
• Hindu view of Life —Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
• Higher than Hope — Fatima Meer
• Hitlist in Hindi —Ravindra Rajhans
• History of Western Philosophy —B. Russel
• Human Knowledge —B. Russel
• Identity and Violence : The Illusion of Destiny —Prof. Amartya Sen
• Impossible Allies —C. Raja Mohan
• India Wins Freedom —Abul Kalam Azad
• Indian Philosophy —Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
• Indian War of Independence —V. D. Savarkar
• Kamayani, Prem Pathic, Ajatshatru —Jai Shanker Prasad
• Life Divine —Sri Aurobindo
• Lenin in Zurich —Alexander Solzhenitsyn
• Last Days of Netaji —G. D. Khosla
• Les Miserables —Victor Hugo
• Literary Theory and Criticism in Theory and Practice in English —Ravindra Rajhans
• Living History — Hillary Clinton
• Mahabharat —Veda Vyas
• Maximum City —Suketu Mehta
• Meghdoot, Shakuntla, Kumarshambhava, Reghuvansha —Kalidas
• Mein Kempf —Hitler
• My Childhood Day —Tasleema Nasreen
• My Experiments With Truth —Mahatma Gandhi
• My Own Boswell —M. Hidayatullah
• Murder in the Cathedral Waste Land —Eliot, T. S.
• Mrityunjaya —Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya
• Naganand —King Shri Harsha
• Neeti Shatak —Bharthari
• Odyssey, Illiad —Homer
• Origin of Species —Charles Darwin
• Oil —Jack Anderson
• Panchtantra —Vishnu Sharma
• Political Economy of India —Chandra Shekhar
• Rajtarangini —Kalhana
• Ramayana —Valmiki (in Sanskrit)
• Ram Charit Manas, Vinay Patrika —Tulsi Das
• Red —Irvin Allan Sealy
• Satanic Verses —Salman Rushdie
• Shah Nama —Firdausi
• Social Contract —Rousseau
• Speaker’s Diary — Manohar Joshi
• The Coolie, The Golden Breath —Mulkraj Anand
• Tale of Two Cities —Charles Dickens
• The Light that Failed —Rudyard Kipling
• The God of Small Things —Arundhati Roy
• The Greater Common Good —Arundhati Roy
• The Tin Drum —Guenter Grass
• The Kite Runner A Thousand Splendid Suns —Khaled Hosseini
• Utopia —Sir Thomas More
• War and Peace —Tolstoy
• Wake up India —Annie Besant
• Yayati —V. S. Khandekar
• A New World —Amit Chaudhari
• Interpreter of Maladies —Jhumpa Lahiri
• Satwan Lok —P. L. Gautam
• District Diary —Jaswant Singh
• Bradman’s Best —Rolland Perry
• How I Play Golf —Tiger Woods
• Ignited Minds — Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• Life of Pi — Yann Martel
• Two Lives —Vikram Seth
• The Namesake —Jhumpa Lahiri
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix —J. K. Rowling
• India First — K. R. Malkani
• My Life — Bill Clinton
• Straight From Heart — Kapil Deo
• The Hungary Tide — Amitav Ghosh
• The Piano Teacher — Elfriede Jelinek
• Magic Seeds — V.S. Naipaul
• Harry Potter and the Half–Blood Prince — J. K. Rowling
• Guiding Souls : Dialogues on The Purpose of Life — Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• Spouse : The Truth About Marriage — Shobha De
• Small Island — Andrea Levy
• The Future of India — Dr. Bimal Jalan
• The Argumentative Indian —Dr. Amartya Sen
• Mao, the Unknown Story —Jung Chang & Jon Holliday
• Shalimar, the Clown — Salman Rushdie
• The Sea — John Banville Out of My Comfort Zone : The Autobiography —Steve Waugh
• Touch Play —Dev Sukumar
• A Call To Honour : In Service of Emergent India — Jaswant Singh
• Falling Over Backward — Arun Shourie
• The Inheritance of Loss — Kiran Desai
• Sacred Games — Vikram Chandra
• One Day Cricket, The Indian Challenge —Ashish Rai
• The Exile Navtej Sarna I Witness : Partial Observations —Kapil Sibal
• The White Tiger —Aravind Adiga
• Wolf Hall —Hilary Mantel
• Dreams from my father —Barack Obama
• The Humbling —Philip Roth
• The Museum of Innocence —Orphan Pamuk
• Songs of Blood and Sword —Fatima Bhutto
• Keeping the Faith : Memoirs of a Parliamentarian —Somnath Chatterjee
• Vikas Ki Udan Abhi Baki Hai —Bhupinder Singh Hooda
• India-Pakistan–“Coming to Terms” —Ashutosh Mishra

Indian Space Programme & Achievements

The headquarters of the Department of Space and ISRO are located in Bangalore.

Indian Space Programme – the History and Achievements.

Programme—The primary objectives of Indian Space Programme are ‘‘Satellite Based Communications, Resources Survey and Meteorological Applications.’’
Research and development activities under the space programme are carried out in various centers/units of Deptt. of Space and ISRO. The major centers are-Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram; ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Bangalore; SHAR Centre at Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh); Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad; Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) with its facilities at Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram and Mahendragiri; ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) with its network of ground stations and Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU), Ahmedabad.
The headquarters of the Department of Space and ISRO are located in Bangalore.
Space Programme & Achievements
Aryabhatta—India’s first Satellite launched from Soviet Cosmodrom on April 19, 1975.
Bhaskar—India’s Second Satellite launched on June 7, 1979.
Rohini I—Launched for the first time from Indian soil in July 1980.
Rohini II—Launched on May 21, 1981 but it was burnt on June 8, 1981.
Apple—(First Communication Satellite) Launched on June 19, 1981 by European Space Agency from Kourou, French Guyana.
Bhaskar II—India’s second Earth Observation Satellite launched from Soviet Cosmodrom on November 21, 1981.
INSAT–1A—India’ First Multipurpose satellite launched on April 10, 1982 from Cape Canaveral in USA. It ended Functioning within 6 months of its launching.
Rohini–2—It was launched in April 1983 from Sriharikota (SHAR) by Indian made SLV-3 D. 2 Rocket. It shows India’s satisfactory progress in Space Research.
INSAT–1B—It was launched on 30th August, 1983 from Cape Canaveral (America) by American Shuttle Challenger.
A.S.L.V.—On March 24, 1987 India launched A.S.L.V. But it caught fire within three minutes and was destroyed.
I.R.S.–1A—This satellite India’s first Remote Sensing Satellite was launched on March 17, 1988.
I.R.S.–1-B—Second Indian Remote Sensing Satellite was launched on Aug. 29 and it became operative on 16th Sept. 1991.
A.S.L.V.–D2—A.S.L.V.-D2 was unsuccessfully launched from Sriharikota on July 13, 1988.
INSAT–1C—INSAT–1C was launched by Arian Rocket from French Guyana on July 22, 1988. It is partially working.
INSAT–1D—The last satellite of INSAT–1 series has been launched from Cape Canaveral on 12th June, 1990. It has started giving its services since 17th July, 1990.
A.S.L.V.–D-3—This was launched from Sriharikota on May 20, 1992. It has successfully placed into orbit a SROSS-III Satellite.
INSAT–2A—This was launched by Arian Rocket–4 from French Guyana on July 10, 1992.
INSAT-2B—This was launched by Arian Rocket from French Guyana on July 23, 1993.
PSLV-D1—It was unsuccessfully launched from Sriharikota on Sept. 20, 1993.
PSLV-D2—IRS-P2, 870 kg. Remote Sensing Satellite hurled into Polar Sun-Synchronous Orbit by the successful launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-D2) from Sriharikota on October 15, 1994.
INSAT-2C—Launched into Orbit from Kourou (French Guyana) on Dec. 7, 1995.
IRS-1C—Successfully launched on Dec. 28, 1995.
IRS-P3—It was successfully launched on March 21, 1996.
INSAT-2D—Successfully launched into orbit from Kourou (French Guyana) on June 4, 1997.
IRS-1D—It was successfully launched on Sept. 29, 1997 from Sriharikota.
INSAT-2E—Successfully launched into Orbit from Kourou (French Guyana) on April 3, 1999.
IRS-P—Successfully launched from Rocket Launching Centre, Sriharikota on 26th May, 1999 PSLV–C2.
PSLV-C4—It was successfully launched from Sriharikota on May 26, 1999. It carried India’s IRSP4 (Ocean sat), South Korean Kit sat-3 and Germany’s Tubsat in space in their respective orbits.
INSAT-3B—It was successfully launched from European Rocket Launching Station at Kourou in French Guyana on March 22, 2000.
GSLV–D1—It was successfully launched from Sriharikota Range (SHAR), Andhra Pradesh on April 18, 2001. It carried India’s satellite GSAT-1 and put it in the earth’s orbit. Its purpose is commercial communication.
PSLV–C3—PSLV–C3 was launched on October 22, 2001 from ISRO’s SHAR Centre at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh carrying 3 satellites—ISRO’s Technology Experiment Satellite (TES), Germany’s BIRD (Bispectral and Infrared Remote Detection) and Belgium’s PROBA (Project for Onboard Autonomy).
INSAT-3C—It was successfully launched on January 24, 2002 by European Rocket Arian-4 from Kourou launching station of French Guyana.
PSLV–C4—India’s first exclusive meteorological satellite (METSAT) was successfully launched in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) by PSLVC4 on September 12, 2002 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
INSAT-3A—India successfully launched into space its space satellite INSAT-3A on Ariane rocket from Kourou in French Guyana on April 10, 2003. It is primarily a meteorological satellite.
GSLV-D2—India successfully launched her GSLV-D2 carrying a communication satellite GSAT-2 from Sriharikota on May 8, 2003.
INSAT-3E—India’s communication satellite INSAT-3E was successfully launched into space from Kourou Space Centre on September 28, 2003.
Resource sat-1—India successfully launched its heaviest (1360 kg) and sophisticated remote sensing satellite, Resource sat-1 using the indigenously built polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV) on October 17, 2003.
Rohini-200—On the 40th anniversary of launching Rohini rockets India’s ISRO successfully launched Rohini-200 sounding rocket on November 21, 2003.
Edusat—India launched her first educational satellite EDUSAT on September 20, 2004 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
CARTOSAT–1—India’s first mapping satellite CARTOSAT-1 was launched into space on May 5, 2005 with the help of the launching rocket-Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle–PSLV-CS. Another satellite–HAMSAT was also launched at the same time. Both satellites were successfully placed in their geostationary orbit.
INSAT-4A—The latest and heaviest communication satellite of Indian Space Research Organisations (ISRO), was successfully launched by the European Agency’s Ariane-5 G launch vehicle from Kourou (French Guyana) on December 22, 2005.
INSAT-4C—Launched on July 10, 2006 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota with the help of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-FO2), the 2,168 kg. satellite to boost Direct to Home Television Service and digital news gathering could not be a success owing to the failure of the launch vehicle. The mission was thus an unfortunate failure.
PSLV-C9—In its thirteenth flight conducted from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, Sriharikota on April 28, 2008 ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle—PSLV-C9 successfully launched the 690 kg Indian remote, sensing satellite.
CARTOSAT-2A, the 83 kg Indian Mini Satellite (IMS-1) and eight nanosatellites for international customers.
Chandrayaan-I—India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C11) on Oct. 22, 2008 successfully put Chandrayaan-I into its initial orbit marking the spacecraft’s long journey to the Moon. It was really a historic achievement on the part of India.
INSAT-4B—ISRO’s Satellite INSAT-4B successfully launched on March 12, 2007 by the European Arian-5 ECA launch vehicle from the Kourou island in French Guiana. The 3025 kg INSAT-4B is the second Satellite in the INSAT-4 series. INSAT-4B will further augment the INSAT capacity for Direct-To-Home (DTH) television services and other communication and TV services.

वैपकास को मिला मिनी रत्न का दर्जा

नई दिल्ली। वाटर एंड पावर कंसल्टेंसी सर्विसेज [वैपकास] को सोमवार को मिनी रत्न का दर्जा दे दिया गया।

जल संसाधन मंत्रालय के तहत आने वाली वैपकास को उसके उल्लेखनीय प्रदर्शन के लिए जल संसाधन मंत्री पवन कुमार बंसल ने यहां मिनी रत्न श्रेणी-एक का दर्जा दिया है। इस मौके पर बंसल ने कहा कि कंपनी को नवप्रवर्तन तथा जल निकायों के जीर्णोद्धारी की दिशा में काम करना चाहिए। उसे नवरत्न का दर्जा पाने का प्रयास करना चाहिए।

गोल्फ की दुनिया पर टाइगर वुड्स की बादशाहत खत्म

गोल्फ की  दुनिया पर टाइगर वुड्स की बादशाहत  खत्म कर उनसे नंबर एक की कुर्सी छीनने वाले इंग्लैंड के ली वेस्टवुड ने सन सिटी ओपेन का खिताब जीतने के साथ ही साल का बेहतरीन अंत किया है। इसके साथ ही वेस्टवुड गोल्फ की दुनिया में नंबर एक पर बरकरार हैं।

भारत और फ्रांस

भारत और फ्रांस में शिष्टमंडल स्तर की बातचीत के बाद सात समझौतों पर हस्ताक्षर किए गए। इन समझौतों में भारतीय परमाणु ऊर्जा निगम लिमिटेड और अरेवा के बीच महाराष्ट्र के जैतापुर में दो यूरोपीय दबावयुक्त रिएक्टर परमाणु संयंत्रों को स्थापित करने सम्बंधी समझौता भी शामिल है। भारत यात्रा के तीसरे दिन सरकोजी ने प्रधानमंत्री के साथ बैठक की। हैदराबाद हाउस में दोनों नेताओं ने मसौदे को अंतिम रूप दिया। 9.3 बिलीयन डॉलर की इस डील के अन्र्तगत फ्रेंच कंपनी अरेवा महाराष्ट्र के जैतापुर में दो न्यूक्लियर पॉवर प्लांट लगाएगी।

मिस वर्ल्ड

सौंदर्य प्रतियोगिताओं में हर साल लोगों को मिस यूनिवर्स, मिस वर्ल्ड और मिस इंडिया का इतज़ार रहता है.

वर्ष 2009 में मिस यूनिवर्स का ख़िताब वेनेज़ुएला की सुंदरी स्टेफ़ेनिया फर्नांडिज़ ने जीता. 2008 में भी वेनेज़ुएला की डायना मेंडोज़ा मिस यूनिवर्स बनी थीं.

भारत की एकता चौधरी अंतिम 15 में भी स्थान नहीं बना पाईं. पिछले नौ साल से भारत की सुंदरियाँ मिस यूनिवर्स नहीं बन पाई हैं.इस प्रतियोगिता में 85 देशों की सुंदरियां ने हिस्सा लिया.

इससे पहले भारत की सुष्मिता सेन ने 1994 में और लारा दत्ता ने वर्ष 2000 में ये ख़िताब अपने नाम किया था.

मिस वर्ल्ड

दक्षिण अफ़्रीका के जोहानसबर्ग में हुई भव्य प्रतियोगिता में जिब्राल्टर की कायने एल्दोरीनो को वर्ष 2009 के लिए मिस व‌र्ल्ड चुन गया है.23 वर्षीय एल्दोरीनो पेशे से क्लर्क हैं.प्रतियोगिता में भारत का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाली मिस इंडिया पूजा चोपड़ा सेमीफ़ाइनल तक तो पहुँचीं लेकिन वे अंतिम दौर में नहीं पहुंच पाईं. मिस मैक्सिको पेरला बेल्ट्रान एकोस्टा दूसरे स्थान पर रहीं जबकि मेजबान दक्षिण अफ्रीका की तातम किश्वार को तीसरा स्थान मिला. पूर्व मिस व‌र्ल्ड और बॉलीवुड अभिनेत्री प्रियंका चोपड़ा को इस प्रतियोगिता में निर्णायक के रुप में बुलाया गया था. उन्होंने वर्ष 2000 में मिस वर्ल्ड का ख़िताब जीता था. पिछले साल यानी 2008 में भारत की पार्वती ओमनाकुट्टन मिस वर्ल्ड प्रतियोगिता में दूसरे नंबर पर रही थीं.

UPPCS BOTANY MAINS IMPARTANT Q. PAPER

DOWNLOAD

UPPCS BOTANY MAINS IMPARTANT Q. PAPER-1
UPPCS BOTANY MAINS IMPARTANT Q. PAPER-2