Chem terms

Chem terms

Top of Form

← Back to Set Page

•  

   

  Bottom of Form

1. angular momentum quantum number:energy sublevels or subshells, describes the shape of the orbitals
2. antoine lavoisier: began the metric system, developed the Law of Conservation of Mass
3. aufbau principle: electrons are added to the lowest energy orbitals available as the atomic number increases
4. balmer series: electron falls to the second energy level, emits visible light
5. baryon: made of three quarks
6. billard ball or BB model: Dalton
7. bomb calorimeters: have constant volume, generally used for combustion reactions
8. color: the interaction that holds the flavors together, determines mass of the proton or neutron
9. democritus and leucippus: believed the world is made of small indivisible parts (atomos) and that there are four main elements: earth, fire, air, water
10. electromagnetic force: holds atoms, molecules, liquids, and solids together, transmitted by photons, studied in quantum electrodynamics
11. electron repulsion: like charges repel, so electrons that are near each other repel in the electron cloud (Zeff decreases)
12. endothermic reactions: formation of weaker bonds, conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy
13. energy levels: as they increase, shielding increases, so Zeff decreases
14. ernest rutherford: gold foil experiment, proved that an atom is mostly empty space witha nucleus
15. erwin schrodinger: predicted the probability of an electron's location
    1. exothermic reactions: formation of stronger and/or more bonds, conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy

1. fission: the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei
2. gibb's free energy: the energy that can be used to do work, used to determine spontenaity
3. gluon: the general name for three colors
4. group IA: Alkali metals
5. group IIA: Alkaline Earth Elements
6. group VIA: Chalcogens
7. group VIIA: halogen family
8. hadrons: consist of baryons and mesons
9. Henry Mosely: studied x-ray formation by high0energy electron bombardment
10. hertz (scientist): found wavelength, frequency, speed of light
11. hess's law: the change in enthalpy for a reaction is the SAME whether the reaction occurs in one step or a series of steps
12. hund's rule: electrons are added to the orbitals of multiorbital sublevels one at a time and pair up only after each orbital contains one
13. huygens and young: light's wave properties, diffraction, double slit experiment
14. james clerk maxwell: electromagnetism, wave properties
15. jj thomson: worked with cathode ray tube, discovered the electron and the charge/mass ratio for the electron and the mass of a proton
16. john dalton: developed law of multiple proportions
17. joseph proust: developed law of definite proportions
18. louis de broglie: particles have mass, particles have wavelength, electrons sharing orbitals must produce standing waves
19. lyman series: electron falls to the first energy level, emits UV light
20. magnetic quantum number: orientation of orbital within sublevel
21. meson: made of a quark and an anti-quark
22. metalloids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At
23. metals: tend to lose electrons, form cations, reducing agents, bases, decrease in activity as you go to the right
24. modern periodic law: the chemical and physical properties of the element vary in a periodic way with their atomic numbers
25. neils bohr: spectroscopy, atoms are excited when they absorb energy, flame tests
26. newton: light is a particle, refraction
27. nonmetals: tend to gain electrons, form anions, oxidizing agents, acids, increase in activity as you go to the right
28. nuclear fusion: the process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus
29. Nuclear model: Rutherford
30. paschan series: electron falls to the third energy level, emits infrared light
31. pauli exclusion principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same complete set of four quantum numbers
32. penetration effect: how likely an electron is to be found close to the nucleus (increases for s, decreases for f)
33. periodic law - mendeleev: the chemical and physical properties of the element vary in a periodic way with their atomic weights
34. Plum-pudding model: Thomson
35. principal quantum number: energy level or shell
36. quantities that are not state functions: work and heat
37. quantities that are state functions: change in enthalpy, change in energy, and change in volume
38. quarks: make up nucleons
39. rationale for why zeff is greater than 1:shielding is not 100%, penetration effects
40. robert millikan: oil drop experiment, determined charge on an electron
41. shielding effect: the inner electrons blocking outer electrons from feeling the full effects of the nucleus (Zeff decreases)
42. spin quantum number: indicates the spin of an electron
43. strong nuclear force: holds together quarks to form mesons and hadrons, transmitted by gluons, studied in quantum chromodynamics
44. thermodynamic stability: he enthalpy or potential energy of a compound relative to a reference state
45. Wave Particle Duality of Nature: The two sided nature of waves and particles
46. weak nuclear force: acts between leptons and hadrons, and hadrons and other hadrons
47. werner heisenberg: uncertainty principal