Amendments

1
Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
Insert articles 31A and 31B.
Insert schedule 9.^[2]
18 June 1951
To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law

2
Amend article 81.^[3]
1 May 1953
A technincal amendment to fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.

3
Amend schedule 7.^[4]
22 February 1955

4
Amend articles 31, 31A and 305.
Amend schedule 9.^[5]
27 April 1955
Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution

5
Amend article 3.^[6]
24 December 1955
Provide for a consultation mechanism with concerned states in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial matters and in the re-naming of the state

6
Amend articles 269 and 286.
Amend schedule 7.^[7]
11 September 1956
Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes

7
Amend articles 1, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.^[8]
1 November 1956
Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories

8
Amend article 334.^[9]
5 January 1960
Clarify state's power of compulsory acquisition and

requisitioning of private property and include Zamindari abolishion laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution

9
Amend schedule 1.^[10]
28 December 1960
Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.

10
Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.^[11]
11 August 1961
Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal

11
Amend articles 66 and 71.^[12]
19 December 1961
Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college

12
Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.^[13]
20 December 1961
Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal

13
Amend part 21.^[14]
1 December 1963
Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A

14
Amend articles 81 and 240.
Insert article 239A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.^[15]
28 December 1962
Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa

15
Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.
Insert article 224A.
Amend schedule 7.^[16]
5 October 1963
Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.

16
Amend articles 19, 84 and 173.
Amend schedule 3.^[17]
5 October 1963
Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates

17
Amend article 31A.
Amend schedule 9.^[18]
20 June 1964
To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution

18
Amend article 3.^[19]
27 August 1966
Technical Amendment to include Unior Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories

19
Amend article 324.^[20]
11 December 1966
Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts

20
Insert article 233A.^[21]
22 December 1966
Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh

21
Amend schedule 8.^[22]
10 April 1967
Include Sindhi as a National Language

22
Amend article 275.
Insert articles 244A and 371B.^[23]
25 September 1969
Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam

23
Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.^[24]
23 January 1970
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1980

24
Amend articles 13 and 368.^[25]
5 November 1971
Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution

25
Amend article 31.
Insert article 31C.^[26]
20 April 1972
Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property

26
Amend article 366.
Insert article 363A.
Remove articles 291 and 362.^[27]
28 December 1971
Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic

27
Amend articles 239A and 240.
Insert articles 239B and 371C.^[28]
15 February 1972
Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers

28
Insert article 312A.
Remove article 314.^[29]
29 August 1972
Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence

29
Amend schedule 9.^[30]
9 June 1972
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

30
Amend article 133.^[31]
27 February 1973
Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law

31
Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.^[32]
17 October 1973
Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise

32
Amend article 371.
Insert articles 371D and 371E.
Amend schedule 7.^[33]
1 July 1974
Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh

33
Amend articles 101 and 190.^[34]
19 May 1974
Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker

34
Amend schedule 9.^[35]
7 September 1974
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

35
Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 2A.
Insert schedule 10.^[36]
1 March 1975
Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India

36
Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Remove article 2A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
Remove schedule 10.^[37]
26 April 1975
Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union

37
Amend articles 239A and 240.^[38]
3 May 1975
Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly

38
Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.^[39]
1 August 1975
Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances

39
Amend articles 71 and 329.
Insert article 329A.
Amend schedule 9.^[40]
10 August 1975
Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister

40
Amend article 297.
Amend schedule 9.^[41]
27 May 1976
Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India

Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

41
Amend article 316.^[42]
7 September 1976
Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Union and State Public Commissions from sixty to sixty two.

42
Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F.
Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A.
Insert parts 4A and 14A.
Amend schedule 7.^[43]
1 April 1977
Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, inposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic

43
Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366.
Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.^[44]
13 April 1978
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42

44
Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F.
Insert articles 134A and 361A.
Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule 9.^[45]
6 September 1979
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42

45
Amend article 334.^[46]
25 January 1980
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990

46
Amend articles 269, 286 and 366.
Amend schedule 7.^[47]
2 February 1983
Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax

47
Amend schedule 9.^[48]
26 August 1984
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

48
Amend article 356.^[49]
1 April 1985
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab

49
Amend article 244.
Amend schedules 5 and 6.^[50]
11 September 1984
Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council

50
Amend article 33.^[51]
11 September 1984
Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure

51
Amend articles 330 and 332.^[52]
16 June 1986
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies

52
Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191.
Insert schedule 10.^[53]
1 March 1985
Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other

53
Insert article 371G.^[54]
20 February 1987
Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.

54
Amend articles 125 and 221.
Amend schedule 2.^[55]
1 April 1986
Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases without the need for constitutional amendment

55
Insert article 371H.^[56]
20 February 1987
Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh

56
Insert article 371I.^[57]
30 May 1987
Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa

57
Amend article 332.^[58]
21 September 1987
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies

58
Insert article 394A.
Amend part 22.^[59]
9 December 1987
Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments

59
Amend article 356.
Insert article 359A.^[60]
30 March 1988
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab

60
Amend article 276.^[61]
20 December 1988
Profession Tax increased from a maximum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-

61
Amend article 326.^[62]
28 March 1989
Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18

62
Amend article 334.^[63]
20 December 1989
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000

63
Amend article 356.
Remove article 359A.^[64]
6 January 1990
Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed

64
Amend article 356.^[65]
16 April 1990
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab

65
Amend article 338.^[66]
12 March 1992
National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its stututory powers specifed in The Constitution.

66
Amend schedule 9.^[67]
7 June 1990
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

67
Amend article 356.^[68]
4 October 1990
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab

68
Amend article 356.^[69]
12 March 1991
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab

69
Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.^[70]
1 February 1992
To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory

70
Amend articles 54 and 239AA.^[71]
21 December 1991
Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election

71
Amend schedule 8.^[72]
31 August 1992
Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as National Languages

72
Amend article 332.^[73]
5 December 1992
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly

73
Insert part 9.^[74]
24 April 1993
Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages

74
Insert part 9A.^[75]
1 June 1993
Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities

75
Amend article 323B.^[76]
15 May 1994
Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals

76
Amend schedule 9.^[77]
31 August 1994
Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution

77
Amend article 16.^[78]
17 June 1995
A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions

78
Amend schedule 9.^[79]
30 August 1995
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution

79
Amend article 334.^[80]
25 January 2000
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010

80
Amend articles 269 and 270.
Remove article 272.^[81]
9 June 2000
Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre

81
Amend article 16.^[82]
9 June 2000
Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies

82
Amend article 335.^[83]
8 September 2000
Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates

83
Amend article 243M.^[84]
8 September 2000
Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions

84
Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.^[85]
21 February 2002
Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

85
Amend article 16.^[86]
4 January 2002
A technical amendment to protect seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees

86
Amend articles 45 and 51A.
Insert article 21A.^[87]
12 December 2002
Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six

87
Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.^[88]
22 June 2003
Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

88
Amend article 270.
Insert article 268A.
Amend schedule 7.^[89]
15 January 2004
To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax

89
Amend article 338.
Insert article 338A.^[90]
28 September 2003
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes

90
Amend article 332.^[91]
28 September 2003
Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area

91
Amend articles 75 and 164.
Insert article 361B.
Amend schedule 10.^[92]
1 January 2004
Restrict Cabinet size to 15 % of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws

92
Amend article 270.
Insert article 268A.
Amend schedules 7 and 8.^[93]
7 January 2004
Enable Levy of Service Tax & Include Bodo, Dogri and Maithali as National Languages

93
Amend article 15.^[94]
20 January 2006
To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions

94
Amend article 164.^[95]
12 June 2006
To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkand and Chattisgarh States