http://epaper.amarujala.com/pdf/2015/03/25/20150325a_014197.pdf

http://epaper.amarujala.com/pdf/2015/03/25/20150325a_014197.pdf

HAPPY HOLI

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current affairs december 2014

Govt appoints Shailesh Nayak as ad hoc Chairman of ISRO[31/12/2014]

The government has appointed Shailesh Nayak, secretary in the ministry of earth sciences, as the ad-hoc chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Four State owned banks get new head[31/12/2014]

The Ministry of Finance appointed new head of four state owned bank - R Koteeswaran MD and CEO of Indian Overseas Bank, P. Srinivas MD and CEO of United Bank of India, Animesh Chauhan MD and CEO of Oriental Bank of Commerce, and Kishore Sansi MD and CEO of Vijaya Bank.

The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) bill [31/12/2014]

The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) bill passed by Parliament in August this year has received President's assent, official sources said. The new law facilitates the setting up of a commission for appointment of judges, replacing the 20-year-old collegium system, which has been under severe criticism. The bill, 124th amendment to the Constitution, grants Constitutional status to the NJAC and its composition which will be headed by the Chief Justice of India. Besides the CJI, the judiciary would be represented by two senior judges of the Supreme Court. Two eminent personalities and the Law Minister will be the other members of the body.

Raghubar Das sworn in as Jharkhands first non tribal CM[28/12/2014]

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Raghubar Das became the first non-tribal to take oath on 28th December 2014 as the chief minister of Jharkhand.

Ganguly and Kiran Bedi new Clean India ambassadors[27/12/2014]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi nominated former Indian cricket captain Sourav Ganguly, first woman IPS officer Kiran Bedi and stand-up comedian Kapil Sharma as brand ambassadors for the “Clean India” campaign.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Madan Mohan Malviya chosen for Bharat Ratna award[24/12/2014]

Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and educationist Madan Mohan Malviya were chosen for the country's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna. "The President has been pleased to award Bharat Ratna to Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya (posthumously) and to Atal Bihari Vajpayee," a press communique from Rashtrapati Bhavan said.

Japan parliament reelects Shinzo Abe as prime minister [24/12/2014]

Japan’s parliament re-elected Shinzo Abe to serve another term as Prime Minister after his party won a snap election earlier this month. Mr. Abe won 328 votes out of the 470 cast by lawmakers in a special session of the lower house. Since the ruling Liberal Democrats hold only two lower house seats, two other lawmakers also cast votes for Mr. Abe.

S Bhattacharya appointed as CMD of Coal India Ltd[24/12/2014]

Senior IAS officer S Bhattacharya has been appointed as the Chairman and Managing Director of Coal India Ltd(CIL). The coal major was without a full time chief for the past six months.

New Heads for Central Reserve Police Force and RAW[21/12/2014]

Shri Prakash Mishra, presently working as Special Secretary (IS), Ministry of Home Affairs, is appointed as Director General, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) with effect from the date of his joining of the post.

Shri Rajinder Khanna, is appointed as Secretary, Research & Analysis Wing, for a period of two years from the date of assumption of charge.

India launches largest rocket and unmanned capsule[18/12/2014]

The 630-tonne Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (MK III) blasted off from Sriharikota in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh. The new rocket will be able to carry heavier satellites into space. India has successfully launched lighter satellites in recent years, but has faced problems sending up heavier payloads. The new rocket is capable of carrying communication satellites weighing 4,000 kg, reports say, meaning India will not have to rely on foreign launchers to do so. The rocket's main cargo was an Indian-made capsule capable of carrying two to three astronauts into space.

Miss World 2014[18/12/2014]

Rolene Strauss representing SOUTH AFRICA has been crowned as the 64th Miss World in 2014.

Ghanta Chakrapani is first TSPSC Chairman[18/12/2014]

Academician, journalist and political commentator Ghanta Chakrapani has been appointed as the first Chairman of the Telangana State Public Service Commission (TSPSC).

Pratibha Ray gets Kalinga Ratna award[17/12/2014]

Eminent litterateur and Jnanpeeth award winner Pratibha Ray received the prestigious Kalinga Ratna award given by Sarala Sahitya Sansad.

Jairam Ramesh appointed as a member of UNEPs International Advisory Board[14/12/2014]

Former Union minister Jairam Ramesh has been appointed as a member of a board which provides strategic policy advice to a key UN agency on environmentally-sound technologies for developing nations. The International Advisory Board (IAB) which gives strategic policy advice to the Executive Director of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on the programmatic direction of International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC). The IETC, based in Osaka, Japan, was established with the mandate of providing support to developing countries in transition with environmentally-sound technologies.

Dineshwar Sharma appointed new Intelligence Bureau chief[13/12/2014]

Dineshwar Sharma, Special Director in the Intelligence Bureau, was appointed as the agency's new chief and will take charge on 1st January succeeding Syed Asif Ibrahim. A 1979 batch IPS officer from Kerala cadre, Sharma, who has been working with the agency for the past 23 years, will have a two-year tenure.

DRDO Wins Innovation Excellence Award [13/12/2014]

Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), has been once again awarded the prestigious Thomson Reuters India Innovation Award- 2014 in category of “Research Institutions”. Shri Avinash Kumar, Additional Director (IPR), DRDO HQ received the award on behalf of DRDO at a function held in Mumbai. The award was adjudged on the basis of patents filed, efficiency and effectiveness of research, the impact of innovations as measured by patent citations and international competitiveness. DRDO had also won the Thomson Reuters India Innovation Award- 2011 in the category of "Hi-Tech Academic & Government".

Pragati Scholarship for Girls [13/12/2014]

To provide encouragement and support to Girl Child to pursue technical education "Pragati Scholarship" has been launched by the Government from the year 2014-15.

Richard Rahul Verma is appointed as US ambassador to India[10/12/2014]

The United States senate confirmed by a voice vote the nomination of Richard Rahul Verma as the next US ambassador to India. Mr. Verma (46) is the first Indian-American to be the U.S. ambassador to India.

Current account deficit widens to $10.1 billion in second quarter[09/12/2014]

India’s current account deficit (CAD) increased to $10.1 billion (2.1 per cent of GDP) in the second quarter of this fiscal from $7.8 billion (1.7 per cent of GDP) in the preceding quarter and $5.2 billion (1.2 per cent of GDP) in the same quarter of 2013-14. "The increase in CAD was primarily on account of higher trade deficit, contributed by a deceleration in export growth and increase in imports," a press release by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 8th December.

Indian Communication Satellite GSAT-16 Launched Successfully [07/12/2014]

India's communication satellite, GSAT-16, was successfully launched on December 7, 2014 by the Ariane-5 launch vehicle VA221 of Arianespace from Kourou, French Guiana. Ariane-5 precisely placed GSAT-16 into the intended Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO), after a flight of 32 minutes and 20.4 Seconds duration. GSAT-16 is an advanced communication satellite weighing 3181.6 kg at lift-off and is being inducted into the INSAT/GSAT system. It is configured to carry a total of 48 communication transponders, the largest number of transponders carried by a communication satellite developed by Isro so far, in normal C band, upper extended C band, and Ku band.

Meghalaya get railway after 60 years of Independence[05/12/2014]

Meghalaya was recently added to the country's railway map with Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagging off a first passenger to the northeastern state. With the commissioning of this line, Meghalaya, which was the only state among the seven sisters of the Northeast not having any railway line, has been brought into the Railway Map of India. The Dudhnoi - Mendipathar railway line passes through Goalpara district of Assam. Out of the total length of 19.75 km of the line, 10.26 km falls in Assam and 9.49 km in Meghalaya.

PM Narendra Modi named Asian of the Year by Singapore daily[05/12/2014]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was named "Asian of the Year" for being development-focused leader of India by editors of Singapore's leading daily, The Straits Times.

Shri Anil Kumar Sinha, New CBI Director[02/12/2014]

The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment of Shri Anil Kumar Sinha, IPS as Director, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for a period of two years from the date of assumption of charge of the post vice Shri Ranjit Sinha, IPS consequent on completion of his tenure on 02.12.2014.

Baichung Bhutia conferred AFC Hall of Fame Award[01/12/2014]

Former Indian national football team captain Baichung Bhutia was honoured with the AFC Hall of Fame Award on occasion of the Asian Football Confederation's 60th anniversary on 30th November at Manila. FIFA president Sepp Blatter presented the award to Baichung.

PM announces Rs 28,000 crore for new rail projects in northeast[01/12/2014]

Focusing on improving connectivity to the northeast, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announces Rs 28,000 crore for laying new railway lines in the region and develop the "untapped" tourism potential of the area.

current affairs october 2014

Devendra Fadnavis was taken oath as Maharashtra CM[31/10/2014]

Devendra Gangadharrao Fadnavis was taken oath as 27th Chief Minister of Maharashtra, the second youngest Chief Minister of the State.

Rashtriya Ekta Diwas[31/10/2014]

Govt. of India has declare birthday of Sardar Patel on his 139th birthday as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas. And celebrate this occasion through various activities mainly "Run For Unity".

Rajiv Mehrishi takes over as Secretry Department of Economic Affairs[31/10/2014]

Shri Rajiv Mehrishi, IAS took over as Secretary Department of Economic Affairs(DEA), Ministry of Finance, Government of India with effect from the afternoon of 30th October, 2014 and until further orders.

World Childrens Prize for Malala[30/10/2014]

Malala Yousafzai, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate in history, won the World's Children's Prize on, after a global vote involving millions of children. "Millions of children have voted to award Malala this year's World's Children's Prize for the rights of the child". The award was created in 2000 and is part a worldwide educational programme in which children learn about global issues, democracy and their own rights.

Manohar Lal Khattar was sworn in as Chief Minister of Haryana[26/10/2014]

Manohar Lal Khattar was sworn in as Chief Minister of Haryana. 60-year-old Khattar, a first-time MLA from Karnal and a non-Jat leader was administered the oath along with nine ministers by Governor Kaptan Singh Solanki.

India wins another term at UNHRC[22/10/2014]

India received the most number of votes in the Asia-Pacific group of the U.N. Human Rights Council, winning a second consecutive two-year term at the world body. Official sources said this was a reflection of India’s standing in the world. India was a committed supporter of the U.N. human rights system and would continue to work towards strengthening of the Council.

N Gopalaswami appointed as Chairman of Kalakshetra Foundation Chennai[22/10/2014]

The Government has appointed Shri N Gopalaswami as Chairman of the Governing Board of the Kalakshetra Foundation in Chennai. In a notification issued on 21st October, 2014 by Ministry of Culture, Government of India, it is mentioned that Shri N Gopalaswami has been appointed as the Chairman for a term of 5 years from the date of publication of the notification. Shri Gopalaswami was former Chief Election Commissioner of India.

Arvind Subramanian is Chief Economic Adviser[17/10/2014]

The former IMF economist Arvind Subramanian is appointed as the Chief Economic Adviser and Rajasthan cadre IAS officer Rajiv Mehrishi is appointed as the finance secretary, the Narendra Modi government has brought in a new team to steer the economy, five months after it came to power.

Cruise missile Nirbhay test-fired [17/10/2014]

India’s indigenously developed nuclear capable sub-sonic cruise missile ‘Nirbhay’, which can strike targets more than 700 kms away, is test-fired from a test range at Chandipur in Odisha today.

ISRO successfully launches IRNSS 1C navigation satellite [16/10/2014]

ISRO today launched its third navigation satellite IRNSS 1C on board its PSLV rocket from here in the wee hours, moving closer to setting up its own navigation system on par with the GPS of the US. IRNSS 1C is part of the series of seven satellites Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to launch to put in place what is called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. Today's launch marked the first time that India has conducted four orbital launches in a year .

Narinder Batra elected unopposed as president[14/10/2014]

Narinder Batra was unopposed elected the president of Hockey India while Mushtaque Ahmad was elected secretary general as the national hockey federation elected its new office-bearers for a four-year term.

Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2014[13/10/2014]

Jean Tirole of France, is one of the most influential economists. He has made important theoretical research contributions in a number of areas, but most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with a few powerful firms. #JeanTirole

IIMB prof Dr Pulak Ghosh appointed to UN Secretary Generals group[11/10/2014]

Dr Pulak Ghosh, Professor at the Indian Institute of Management-Bangalore, has been appointed as a member of the UN Secretary-General's Big Data Privacy Advisory Group. Ghosh, Professor, Quantitative Methods & Information Systems Area at IIMB, has been appointed as member of the Data Privacy Advisory Group of Global Pulse - the UN Secretary-General's Big Data innovation initiative, the institute said in a release on 11^th October 2014.

PM launches Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana[11/10/2014]

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today launched the Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana, calling it a scheme that would open the door for good politics, and inviting all MPs to select a village to develop on a demand-driven, rather than a supply-driven model, with people's participation. The Prime Minister said that development in villages was often supply-oriented. The Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana, would however have three distinct features - it would be (a) demand driven (b) inspired by society (c) based on people's participation.

2014 Nobel Peace Prize[10/10/2014]

The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 was awarded jointly to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzay "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".

2014 Nobel Prize in Literature[10/10/2014]

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014 was awarded to Patrick Modiano "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation".

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014[09/10/2014]

Americans Eric Betzig and William Moerner and German scientist Stefan W. Hell won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing new methods that let microscopes see finer details than they could before.

Nobel prize for Medicine and Physics[07/10/2014]

Isamu Akasaki (Japan), Hiroshi Amano (Japan), Shuji Nakamura (Japan) won the Nobel prize in Physics for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources.

John O´Keefe(UK), May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser (Norway) won the Nobel prize in Medicine for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain.

Thomas Kailath wins US National Medal of Science[04/10/2014]

Thomas Kailath, a Pune educated Indian-American engineering professor at Stanford University, is one of the recipients of the US National Medal of Science announced by President Barack Obama. Kailath is also a recipient of the Padma Bhushan, one of India's high civilian awards and is a member of major science and engineering academies in India.

PM Narendra Modi launches Swachh Bharat campaign[02/10/2014]

Wielding a broom, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 2nd October launched the 'Swachh Bharat' campaign, a cleanliness drive across India, on Gandhi Jayanti. More than 2,500 students from close to 50 government schools in Delhi took the 'Swachhta Shapath' along with Modi as he inaugurated his ambitious 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan'.

Current Affairs for November 2014

Russian Film Leviathan gets the Golden Peacock at the 45th IFFI [30/11/2014]

The Russian Film ‘Leviathan’ has been awarded the Golden Peacock at the 45th International Film Festival of India (IFFI). The award was given to Director Andrey Zvyagintsev as well as producers Alexander Rodnyansky and Sergey Melkumov. Governor of Goa Mrs Mridula Sinha and veteran actress Waheeda Rehman jointly presented the award to the director Andrey Zvyagintsev at a glittering closing ceremony of the 45th IFFI at Goa.

New Chairperson assumes office at Appellate Tribunal for Electricity[28/11/2014]

Mrs. Ranjana Prakash Desai, former Judge of Supreme Court has taken over the charge of Chairperson, Appellate Tribunal for Electricity, New Delhi. She was administered the Oath of Office and Secrecy in the presence of other members and officers of the Tribunal and office bearers of Energy Bar Association, APTEL.

Anoop Mishra new Lok Sabha Secretary General[27/11/2014]

Anoop Mishra, former Uttar Pradesh Chief Secretary, will be the new Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha. Speaker Sumitra Mahajan announced the appointment on Wednesday. Mr. Mishra, a former IAS officer of the 1978 batch, will have the rank and status of Cabinet Secretary with effect from December 1, 2014 to November 30, 2016 or until further orders.

Sania named UN Goodwill Ambassador[26/11/2014]

Sania Mirza was named a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for the South Asian region by UN Women. Described as a “woman of achievement” and “youth icon”, Sania will undertake initiatives to promote women empowerment in the region.

18th SAARC Summit[26/11/2014]

The 18th SAARC Summit begins at Kathmandu on 26th November 2014, with focus on deeper integration among the eight South Asian neighbours, amid high hopes that the leaders of India and Pakistan will meet to break their diplomatic ice.

PM Narendra Modi and Sushil Koirala flag-off Kathmandu-Delhi bus service[25/11/2014]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Nepalese counterpart Sushil Koirala today flagged off the Kathmandu-Delhi bus service called Pashupatinath Express from here. The route, the bus service will follow would be from Kathmandu, Bhairawa, Sanauli, Gorakhpur, Lucknow and New Delhi.

Shri Ajit Doval, NSA, appointed as the Special Representative of India[24/11/2014]

Shri Ajit Doval, National Security Adviser (NSA), has been appointed as the Special Representative of India to conduct boundary negotiations and strategic consultations with China.

Magnus Carlsen crowned world champion[23/11/2014]

In the eleventh game of the World Chess Championship, Viswanathan Anand playing with black pieces lost to Magnus Carlsen. With this win Carlsen has successfully defended his World Champion title.

Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana[21/11/2014]

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, approved the launch of Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) with components (i) to separate agriculture and non agriculture feeders facilitating judicious rostering of supply to agricultural and non-agricultural consumers in rural areas and (ii) strengthening and augmentation of sub transmission and distribution infrastructure in rural areas, including metering of distribution transformers/feeders/consumers. The estimated cost of the scheme for above two components is Rs.43,033 crore which includes the requirement of budgetary support of Rs.33,453 crore from Government of India over the entire implementation period.

Rajinikanth conferred Centenary Award at IFFI[21/11/2014]

South Indian cinema’s superstar Rajinikanth was bestowed with the Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality of the Year at the opening ceremony of the 45th International Film Festival of India (IFFI).

China commits $45.6 bn for economic corridor with Pakistan[21/11/2014]

The Chinese government and banks will finance Chinese companies to build $45.6 billion worth of energy and infrastructure projects in Pakistan over the next six years, according to new details of the deal seen by Reuters. The Chinese companies will be able to operate the projects as profit-making entities, according to the deal signed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif during a visit to China earlier this month.

India thrash Nepal 6-0 to clinch SAFF Womens Championship[21/11/2014]

Indian women's football team beat Nepal in the 3rd SAFF Championship Football tournament to win their third title in the regional tournament at Islamabad.

Kotak Mahindra Banks acquisition of ING Vysya Bank [20/11/2014]

Kotak Mahindra Bank's acquisition of ING Vysya Bank is the country's first ever amalgamation of a profit earning entity post the global financial meltdown in 2008. Kotak Mahindra Bank announced amalgamation with ING Vysya Bank in a over Rs 15,000 crore deal. Post merger, the combined entity will have market capitalisation larger than Rs 1 lakh crore.

Rajiv Mehrishi appointed on board of governors of Asian Development Bank[18/11/2014]

Rajiv Mehrishi, Finance Secretary and Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance, Government of India has been appointed as India's Alternate Governor on the Board of Governors of the Asian Development Bank.

FM to Relaunch Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP)[17/11/2014]

FM to Relaunch Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP). Available to the Investors in the Denomination of Rs. 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 50,000, with no Upper Ceiling on Investment. Investment made in the KVP will Double in 100 Months.

Kidambi Srikanth and Saina won China Open Series Premier[16/11/2014]

World No. 16 Kidambi Srikanth caused a huge upset in the final of China Open Super Series Premier as he stunned the former World No. 1, two time Olympic Champion, five time World Champion and local favorite Lin Dan. This is Srikanth’s first ever Super Series title and first ever title won by an Indian player in men’s singles category. And Saina Nehwal clinched her maiden China Open by defeating Akane Yamaguchi of Japan in women's single category.

G20 summit opens in Australia[15/11/2014]

Australia's prime minister vowed that world leaders would deliver on an initiative to add $2 trillion to global GDP, promising freer trade and more investment in infrastructure as heads of the 20 largest economies began cementing plans to drag sagging growth out of the doldrums. Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who has repeatedly promised this year's Group of 20 gathering in the Australian city of Brisbane would be more than a talkfest, said the growth plans would add millions of jobs and boost global GDP by "more than 2 percent" above expected levels over the next five years.

US and China announce historic climate accord[14/11/2014]

China and the United States, the world’s two largest carbon polluters, on 12th November 2014 announced ambitious plans to cut down on greenhouse gas emission over the next two decades. The landmark agreement, signed between President Barack Obama and President Xi Jinping in Beijing, says that the US will cut down emissions by about 28 percent below 2005-levels by 2025. China has pledged to achieve the "peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20 percent by 2030."

Rohit Sharma created history in one day cricket [13/11/2014]

Rohit Sharma created history by smashing the highest individual ODI score with a breathtaking knock of 264 as India thrashed Sri Lanka by 153 runs in the fourth cricket one-dayer. He scored his 264 off only 173 balls that had 33 fours and seven sixes.

PM launches Jeevan Pramaan Digital Life Certificate for Pensioners[10/11/2014]

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today launched "Jeevan Pramaan" – an "Aadhar-based Digital Life Certificate" for pensioners, in a move that could eventually benefit over a crore pensioners.

Salgaocar FC wins Durand Cup[09/11/2014]

Salgaocar FC, Goa win over Pune FC to emerge Durand Cup champion for the third time at Margao.

Modi among Forbes worlds most powerful people[06/11/2014]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi made his debut among the world’s most powerful people, ranked 15th on the Forbes list topped by Russian President Vladimir Putin who pipped his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama for a second year in a row. The list of 72 most powerful people in the world also included the names of Reliance Industries Chairman Mukesh Ambani at 36th, ArcelorMittal Chairman and CEO Lakshmi Mittal at 57th and Microsoft’s Indian-born CEO Satya Nadella at 64th.

Anita Kapur is new CBDT Chairperson[05/11/2014]

Senior IRS officer Anita Kapur has been appointed as the new chairperson of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), the apex authority of the Income Tax department.

Vijay Kelkar new NIPFP chairperson[03/11/2014]

Thirteenth Finance Commission Chairman Vijay Laxman Kelkar has been appointed as Chairperson of the Finance Ministry’s think-tank National Institute of Public Finance & Policy (NIPFP). He replaces former Reserve Bank governor C. Rangarajan.

Pankaj Advani clinched the World billiards championship[01/11/2014]

Pankaj Advani clinch the World billiards championship (timed format) in Leeds and bagging record 12 world titles. He became the first player ever to win titles in both formats thrice, following his double in 2005 and 2008.

State Foundation Day[01/11/2014]

1st November Celebrate as State Foundation day of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and Haryana Day.

current affairs september 2014

Justice H L Dattu sworn in as Chief Justice of India[28/09/2014]

Justice Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu was sworn in as the 42nd Chief Justice of India by President Pranab Mukherjee. 63years old Justice Dattu took oath in the name of God at a brief ceremony held at the chandeliered Durbar Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhawan.

Kapil Dev honoured[26/09/2014]

Cricket legend Kapil Dev has been honoured with a Lifetime Achievement award at a ceremony in the House of Lords. The award, constituted by the Indo-European Business Forum, was presented to Dev on 24th September 2014 for his contribution to the sport and for his work to uplift poor.

Mars Mission: India creates history[24/09/2014]

ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) on 24th September 2014, successfully entered the orbit of the red planet. With this, India has become the first nation in the world to have entered the Mars orbit in the first attempt. ISRO's MOM is also the cheapest such mission till now. #MarsOrbiter

Ex UN envoy Hardeep Singh Puri named Secretary General of ICM[23/09/2014]

India's former Ambassador to the UN Hardeep Singh Puri has been appointed Secretary General of a commission, launched by a global think tank, that is aimed at identifying policy proposals to enhance the multilateral system's ability to respond to evolving global challenges.

The Independent Commission on Multilateralism (ICM), launched by International Peace Institute (IPI), will be chaired by former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and co-chaired by Foreign Minister of Norway Bo.

Shweta Chaudhary wins bronze in womens 10m air pistol[20/09/2014]

Shweta Chaudhary helped India get its first medal in the 2014 Asian Games after she won the bronze medal in the women’s 10m air pistol at the Ongnyeon International Shooting Range.

Lalitha Kumaramangalam is NCW chief[18/09/2014]

The Bharatiya Janata Party’s national executive member, Lalitha Kumaramangalam, has been appointed chairperson of the National Commission for Women.

Adil Zainulbhai to head Quality Council of India[17/09/2014]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has appointed former McKinsey India Chairman Adil Zainulbhai as the Chairman of Quality Council of India (QCI). An autonomous body under the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion.

Raghunath Anant Mashelkar to chair expert panel on Swachh Bharat campaign[15/09/2014]

Scientist Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, former director general of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, has been named the chair of an expert panel to recommend best technologies for Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "Swachh Bharat" national sanitation campaign.

The membership of India in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation initiated[12/09/2014]

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) today set the ball rolling to make India a member of the security bloc which will give the world's largest democracy a greater say on issues like combating terrorism and participation in major oil and gas projects in Central Asia. The annual Summit of the SCO attended among others by Presidents of Russia, China, Afghanistan and Iran, cleared administrative hurdle to grant membership to India, Pakistan and Iran to the China-dominated grouping .

Rohan Bopanna to receive Davis Cup Commitment Award[12/09/2014]

Indian tennis star Rohan Bopanna will be awarded the Davis Cup Commitment Award in Bangalore on Saturday on the sidelines of the ongoing World Group play-off tie against Serbia, it was announced by International Tennis Federation (ITF).

Shri Subash Chandra Garg, IAS, appointed as Executive Director World Bank[10/09/2014]

The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment of Shri Subash Chandra Garg, IAS, as Executive Director, World Bank for a period of three years with effect from the date of assumption of charge of the post or until further orders.

Marin Cilic clinch U.S. Open Men's Single Title[09/09/2014]

Marin Cilic of Croatia clinch U.S. Open Men's Single Title defeating Kei Nishikori of Japan.

Serena Williams clinch US Open Title [08/09/2014]

Serena Williams of USA won the 18th Grand Slam title of her career, beating Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark 6-3, 6-3 to claim a third consecutive Womens SIngle trophy at the US Open.

Makarova, Vesnina win US Open doubles title[07/09/2014]

Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina of Russia clinched the Women's Doubles title by defeating Martina Hingis of Switzerland and Flavia Pennetta of Italy.

Sania Mirza-Bruno Soares clinch U.S. Open mixed doubles title[06/09/2014]

Sania Mirza of India and Bruno Soares of Brazil defeat Abigail Spears of USA and Santiago Gonzalez of Mexico to clinched mixed doubles Grand Slam crown in U.S. Open Tennis. #SaniaMirza #USOpenTennis

Sathasivam sworn in as Kerala Governor[05/09/2014]

Former chief justice of India (CJI) P. Sathasivam was sworn in as the new Governor of Kerala.

Tata house, temple win UNESCO award[05/09/2014]

Mumbai’s Esplanade House, once the residence of Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata empire, and the Shri Sakhargad Nivasini Devi Temple Complex in Satara are among the 14 projects from 10 countries that bagged the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards that were announced in Bangkok on 2nd September. The awards recognise efforts of private individuals and organisations in restoring and conserving heritage structures and buildings.

INS Sumitra Commissioned by Admiral RK Dhowan[05/09/2014]

The Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral RK Dhowan, commissioned INS Sumitra (fourth indigenous Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel) into the Indian Navy at an impressive ceremony held at Chennai.

Shri Justice Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu to be Chief Justice of India[05/09/2014]

In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (2) of article 124 of the Constitution of India, the President is pleased to appoint Shri Justice Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu, Judge of the Supreme Court, to be the Chief Justice of India with effect from 28th September, 2014.

India slips to 71st rank in global competitiveness list[03/09/2014]

India has slipped to 71st position -- the lowest among BRICS countries - in an annual global competitiveness list, where Switzerland remains on top. The annual list, released today by Geneva-based World Economic Forum (WEF), comes at a time when the new Indian government has completed 100 days in power and has promised further steps to revive its economy and the ease of doing business in the country.

As per the Global Competitiveness Report 2014-15, Switzerland is the most competitive economy, followed by Singapore and United States. Other countries in the top ten are Finland (4), Germany (5), Japan (6), Hong Kong SAR (7), Netherlands (8), United Kingdom (9) and Sweden (10).

China, which has improved its position by one place to 28th spot, leads the BRICS grouping, among which India has the least ranking. Russia is ranked at 53rd position, followed by South Africa (56) and Brazil (57), India's decline of 11 places to 71st.

G. K. Reddy Award for Vinod Mehta [03/09/2014]

Eminent journalist and Editorial Chairman of Outlook group Vinod Mehta has been chosen for the G.K. Reddy Memorial Award 2014. The award, given for outstanding contribution to journalism, was founded by Member of Parliament and Chairman of the TSR Foundation, T. Subbarami Reddy. It carries a cash award of Rs. 5 lakh, a gold medal and a citation

Fast Patrol Vessel ICGS Abhiraj Commissioned[02/09/2014]

The Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Abhiraj, the fourth in the series of 20 Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs), designed and built by Cochin Shipyard Limited, was commissioned on 02 Sep 2014 at Tuticorin by Vice Adm SPS Cheema Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Naval Command in the presence of Inspector General SP Sharma Commander Coast Guard Region (East).

The 50 meter indigenous FPV displaces 290 tonnes and can achieve a maximum speed of 33 knots with an endurance of 1500 nautical miles at an economical speed of 13 knots. The ship is equipped with state-of-the-art weaponry and advanced communication and navigational equipment. The ship makes an ideal platform for undertaking multifarious missions such as surveillance, interdiction, search and rescue and medical evacuation. The special features of the ship include an Integrated Bridge Management System (IBMS), Integrated Machinery Control System (IMCS) and an integrated gun mount with indigenous Fire Control System (FCS). The ship which has been named ICGS “Abhiraj”, literally meaning “Brilliant”, will be based at Tuticorin and will be under administrative and operational control of the Commander, Coast Guard Region (East).

CYCAS NOTES

glycolysis & kreb cycle

current affairs august 2014

PM launches Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana[28/08/2014]

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, declared the beginning of the end of financial untouchability in India through the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), with the opening of an estimated 1.5 crore bank accounts across the country, in an exercise unprecedented in scale in economic history.

Four new Governors has been appointed:[26/08/2014]

Four new Governors has been appointed:
1. Shri Kalyan Singh as the Governor of Rajasthan
2. Shri Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala as the Governor of Karnataka
3. Shri Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao as the Governor of Maharashtra
4. Smt. Mridula Sinha as the Governor of Goa.

Sushil Kumar is the new brand ambassador of Delhi[23/08/2014]

Lieutenant-Governor Najeeb Jung declared Olympic gold medalist wrestler Sushil Kumar as the brand ambassador of Delhi.

K.V. Thomas elected as Chairman of the PAC[21/08/2014]

Congress leader K.V. Thomas took over as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of Parliament on Wednesday. He will be the 94th PAC Chairman. As per the rule the post is giving to a member of the largest Opposition party in the Lower House. The chairmanship is for a year, but one person can hold the office for successive terms.

Expenditure Management Commission[15/08/2014]

Expenditure Management Commission has been set up by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It will be headed by former RBI Governor Bimal Jalan. This commission will suggest the ways to reduce food, fertiliser and oil subsidies and narrow the fiscal deficit. The other members of this commission is former finance secretary Sumit Bose and former RBI deputy governor Subir Gokarn. Additional Secretary, Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance, will be an ex-officio member and a senior officer with finance/expenditure experience will be member-secretary

Rajni Razdan has been appointed as the Chairman of UPSC[15/08/2014]

Ms. Rajni Razdan, a 64-year-old former Indian Administrative Service officer from the Haryana cadre, has been appointed as the Chairman of UPSC. She has been a UPSC member since April 19, 2010.

New Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha elected[14/08/2014]

Dr. M. Thambidurai is elected as the Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha. He is belonging from the political party AIADMK.

Business Leader of the Year Awards [09/08/2014]

Adi Godrej, the Chairman of Godrej Group received the ‘Business Leader of the Year’ award by the All India Management Association (AIMA) at its Managing India Awards 2014.

National Day of Singapore [08/08/2014]

9th August of every year is celebrate as National Day of Singapore

Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award for Muzaffar Ali[03/08/2014]

Famous film-maker, social worker and Sufi poet Muzaffar Ali selected for Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award for his outstanding contribution towards promotion of communal harmony, peace and goodwill. The award carries a citation and a cash award of Rs.5 lakh.

SEAT IN UPJRT

SAPATH PATRA FOR UPJRT

current GS

1.Name the cyclone which was hit to Indian states Odisha and Andhra Pradesh ?

Answer: Phailin

2.Typhoon Nari was hit over which country ?

Answer: Philippines

3. 2013 Nobel Prize for economics winner?

Answer: Robert Shiller, Eugene Fama, and Lars Peter Hansen

4.Who is the winner of DSC Prize for South Asian Literature 2013 ?

Answer: Jeet Thayil (Narcopolis)

5.Winner of 2013 Shanghai Masters title ?

Answer: Novak djokovic

6.. Name the UIDAI chairman who was recently in news?

Answer: Nandan Nilekani

7.Newly appointed India’s hockey coach?

Answer: Terry Walsh

8.Recently elected SBI first women chairperson?

answer: arundhati bhattacharya

9. Man Booker prize 2013 winner?

Answer : Eleanor Catton

10. What is the full form for ” NDMA” ?

Answer : National Disaster Management Agency

11. What is the nationality of Eleanor Catton?

answer : New Zealand

12.what is name for India’s Mars mission?

Answer : Mangalyaan

13. who is the youngest man booker prize winner?

Answer : Eleanor Catton

FORMATION OF INDIAN STATES

FORMATION OF INDIAN STATES >>>

♣ अरुणाचल प्रदेश- २०फेब्रुवारी१९८७.

♣ आंध्र प्रदेश- ०१ऑक्टोबर १९५३.

♣ आसाम- २६जानेवारी१९५०.

♣ उत्तर प्रदेश- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७....

♣ उत्तरांचल- ०९नोव्हेंबर२०००.

♣ ओरिसा- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७.

♣ कर्नाटक- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७.

♣ केरळ- ०१नोव्हेंबर १९५६.

♣ गुजरात- ०१मे१९६०.

♣ गोवा- ३०मे१९८७.

♣ छत्तीसगढ- ०१नोव्हेंबर २०००.

♣ जम्मू काश्मिर- २६ऑक्टोबर १९४७.

♣ झारखंड- १५नोव्हेंबर २०००.

♣ तामिळनाडू- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७.

♣ त्रिपुरा- २१जानेवारी १९७२.

♣ नागालॅंड- ०१डिसेंबर१९६३.

♣ पंजाब- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७.

♣ पश्चिम बंगाल- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७.

♣ बिहार- १५ऑगस्ट१९४७.

♣ मणिपूर- २१जानेवारी १९७२.

♣ मध्य प्रदेश- ०१ऑगस्ट१९५६.

♣ महाराष्ट्र- ०१मे१९६०.

♣ मिजोराम- २०फेब्रुवारी १९८७.

♣ मेघालय- १५एप्रिल१९७०.

♣ राजस्थान- ०१नोव्हेंबर १९५६.

♣ सिक्किम- १६मे१९७५.

♣ हरियाणा- ०१नोव्हेंबर १९६६.

♣ हिमाचल प्रदेश- २५जानेवारी१९७१.

केंद्रशासित प्रदेश

♣ अंदमान आणि निकोबार- ०१नोव्हेंबर १९५६.

♣ चंढीगढ- १९६६

♣ दादरा नगरहवेली- ११ ऑगस्ट१९६१.

♣ दिव दमण- ३०मे१९८७.

♣ पॉंडीचेरी- ०७जानेवारी १९६३.

♣ लक्षद्विप- ०१नोव्हेंबर १९५६.

बैंकों के बारे में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी

***************************

1. भारत में खुलने वाला पहला बैंक – बैंक ऑफ हिन्दुस्तान (सन् 1770 में खुला)

2. चेक सिस्टम जारी करने वाला भारत का पहला बैंक – बंगाल बैंक (Bengal Bank) द्वारा पहली बार सन् 1784 में चेक सिस्टम जारी किया गया

3. बचत खाता (Savings Bank a/c) खोलने वाला भारत का प्रथम बैंक – प्रेसीडेंसी बैंक (Presidency Bank) द्वारा पहली बार सन् 1830 में बचत खाता खोला गया......

4. भारत में खुलने वाला पहला विदेशी बैंक – Comptoire d’Escompte de Paris of France (सन् 1860 में खुला)

5. वर्तमान में कार्यरत भारत का सबसे पुराना बैंक – इलाहाबाद बैंक (Allahabad Bank)

6. विदेश में शाखा खोलने वाला भारत का प्रथम बैंक – बैंक ऑफ इन्डिया ने सन् 1946 में भारत के बाहर लंदन में पहली बार अपनी शाखा खोली

7. म्युचुअल फंड आरम्भ करने वाला प्रथम बैंक – भारतीय स्टेट बैंक (State Bank of India)

8. क्रेडिट कार्ड जारी करने वाला प्रथम बैंक – सेंट्रल बैंक ऑफ इन्डिया

9. ATM सेवा शुरू करने वाला प्रथम बैंक – HSBC

10. इन्टरनेट बैंकिंग सेवा शुरू करने वाला प्रथम बैंक – ICICI

RAS Pre Papers GK,GS 2008

1. Minamata disease is caused by:

A. Mercury

B. Cadmium

C. Lead

D. Zinc

Ans: A

2. Govt. of rajasthan has constituted one organization to advise the govt. on reforms in economic matters is:

A. Economic policy and reform counsel

B. Reform committee on economic policy

C. Council for economic reforms

D. Economic advisory committee:

Ans: A

3. Under which article of Indian constitution, it is the duty of the Union govt. to protect states against external aggression and internal disturbance:

A. 355

B. 356

C. 352

D. 360

Ans: A

4. Which one of the following group of organism has significance in diagnosing the death by drowning:

A. Lichens

B. Protozoa

C. Cyanobacteria

D. Diatoms

5. Heavy rainfall in pushkar, where does the flood occurs:

A. Ajmer

B. Sawaimadhopur

C. Balotara

D. Sojat

Ans: C

6. On a specific day and time temp. was 48 degree C in churu and 24 C in Shimla, Two metallic cups identical in all respects contained water at 95 degree C in churu and 71 Degree  in shimla. Which one of these two cups reached room temp. first:

A. Cup in Churu

B. Cup in shimla

C. Both reached room temp. at same time

D. Data are not enough to find out results

Ans: C

7. Who won the Booker Prize 2008:

A. Arvind adiga

B. Aruna Roy

C. Rajendra Singh

D. Megha Patekar

Ans: A

8. The first woman four star genera in US military is:

Ans: Anne Dun Woody

9. Which one of the following acid is formed during the change of milk into curd

A. Acetic acid

B. Ascorbic Acid

C. Citric Acid

D. Lactic Acid

Ans: D

10. What is the height of Guru shikar peak in Rajasthan

A. 1722

B. 1724

C. 1750

D 1780 Meter

Ans: A (1722 Meters)

11. Kharia, Raswani, Shibhala and Udisbhar are:

A. Wines

B. Kuchamani Khyal actors

C. Villages in Barmer

D. Kota doriya sarees type

Ans: C

12. "Archaeopteryx" is connecting link between:

A. Amphibia and aves

B. Reptiles and aves

C. Reptiles and Mammals

D. Aves and Mammals

Ans: B

13. CIMMCO is:

Ans: CIMMCO wagon factory restarted in Bharatpur after 8 Years

14. Port Pradeep is located at:

A. Kerala

B. West Bengal

C. Karnataka

D. Orissa

Ans: D

15. Mangla-Bhagyam, Shakti and Aishwarya is:

A. Plans for SC/ST Girls

B. Oil Discoveries

C. Universities in Pvt. Sector

D. Natural gas units

Ans: B

16. Among the crafts that have been shortlisted by National Institute of Design for geographical indicator status is:

Ans: Jaipur for Blue pottery and Udaipur for Clay work

17. Pearl is mainly constituted of:

A. Calcium carbonate

B. Calcium Sulphate

C. Calcium Oxalate

d. Calcium Oxide

Ans: A

18. FINGER LAKE REGION is located at:

A. USA

B. Australia

C. Austria

D. UK

Ans: A

19. Major flood in Kawas, Barmer occur in:

A. 2005

B. 2006

C. 2007

D. 2008

Ans: B

20. Which Scent has Headquarter in Shahpura, Bhilwara

A. Dadu

B. Vallabh

C. Nimbark

D. Ramsnehi

Ans: D

21. Author of Ashtadhyayi is:

A. Varahmihir

B. Kalidas

C. Panini

D. Balram

Ans: A

22. Adamya Chetna trust, Havells India LTD, Hindustan Zinc, DSCL Kota is related to:

A. Production of Handicraft and Industrial goods

B. Mid day meal programme

C. Infrastructure Development in Rajasthan

D. SEZ in rajasthan

Ans: B

23. The whole dispute between Subhas chandra bose and Right wing, after the Tripuri session of congress centers around to the question of:

A. Formation of congress working comittee

B. Policy towards princely states

C. Attitute towards central govt.

D. Double membership of Socialist party workers

Ans: A

24. Rajasthan Born Industrialist Help CM Raman for Research with Rs. 22000 in 1920 was:

A. Purshotam das bajaj

B. Jamshedji tata

C. Mangiram Bangur

D. Ghanshyam das birla

Ans: D

25. Author of ANDHAYUG is:

A. Ramdhari singh Dinkar

B. Mahaveer prasad Diwedi

C. Dharam veer Bharti

D. Mohan Rakesh

Ans: C

26. UN General Assembly President is:

A. Hib Major

B. Miguel D'Escoto

C. J. Chirac

D. Jian Zemin

Ans: B

Rasexam.com Tips: Current President is Abdulaziz Al-Nasser of Qatar

27. Atlas Mountains are situated in:

A. Asia

B. Africa

C. Australia

D. Europe

Ans: B

28. Per capita income at current Price in Rajasthan during 2007-2008 is about:

A. 20000

B. 22000

C 24000

D 18000

Ans: B

29. Nawalgarh(Sikar) was in news because of:

Ans: The Govt. has taken responsibility to provide the land to cement manufacturer.

30. Which one of the following changes occuer when salt is added in water:

Ans: Boiling point is increased while freezing point is decreased.

31. When a person enters in a dark room from strong linght area he is not able to see clearly for some time. later he gradually begins to see things. this is because:

A. Change in the size of Pupil.

32.  Exclude which is not correct:

Ans: Bureau of investment promotion is an agency for promotion of small scale industry projects.

33. The art style which combines indian and greek feature is called:

A. Sikhar

B. Verra

C. Gandhar

D. Nagar

Ans: C

34. First DNA Bank of asia is established at:

A. Jaipur

B. Kota

C. Chennai

D. Lucknow

35. Raika's in rajasthan are:

A. Traditional Hourse breeders

B. Traditional Camel Breeders

C. Used to sell goods from village to village

D. Salt traders

Ans: B

36. First session of Rajputana-Madhyabharat Sabha was held at:

A. Delhi

B. Ajmer

C. Indore

D. Udaipur

Ans: A

37. Author of "The audacity of Hope" is:

A. Nayan tara sehgal

B. Salman rushdie

C. Vikram seth

D. Barack Obama

Ans: D

38. RIDCOR Stands for:

Ans: Road Infrastructure Development Company of Rajasthan.

39. Inscription which through light on writing of Maharana Kumba is:

Ans: Kirtistambha Prashasti 1460

40. Gyan Peetha award on 6th Nov 2008 given to:

A. Vinit Narayan

B. Rehman Rahi

C. Kamleshwar

D. Gyan Chaturvedi

Ans: B

41. For which desirable character the transgenic Crop "GOLDEN RICE" is produced:

A. Vitamin A

B. Amino acid

C. Insulin

D. Starch

Ans: A

42. World's youngest king belongs to:

A. Saudi arebia

B. Japan

C. Bhutan

D. Thailand

Ans: C

43. mammoth is the ancestor of:

A. Dog

B. Horse

C. Camel

D. Elephant

44. Which district produced largest ISABGOL:

A. Jhalawar

B. Jalore

C. Sirohi

D. Bundi

Ans: B

45. "Lasodia Movement was launched by:

A. Mavji

B. Govind giri

C. Surmal das

D.  Motilal Tejawat

Ans: C

46. Chairmen of ISRO is:

A. KS Kasturirangan

B. Abdul Kalam

C. Madhavan Nair

D. KM Bhandari

Ans: C

Rasexam.com  Tips: Current ISRO Chairmen is K. Radhakrishnan

47. Most stable ecosystem is:

A. Forest

B. Grassland

C. Desert

D. Marine

Ans: D

48. Which tree is called "Flame of Forest in rajasthan"

A. Khejri

B. Neem

C. Palas

D. Paras peepul

Ans: C

49. Which city is called Suncity:

A. Jaipur

B. Jodhpur

C. Bikaner

D. Jaisalmer

Ans: B

50. Common thing among arya samaj, Brahm Samaj  and Ramkrishan mission is:

Ans:None of these three had a political mission but they helped to develop a spirit of patriotism

51. Incorrect about NREGA:

Ans: This act specifies the individuals works but only for the SC and ST below poverty line.

52. Mahajanpad situated on bank of river godawari was:

A. Avanti

B. Vatsa

C. Assaka

D. Kamboja

53. Nethra-ki-pal is known for mineral:

A. Iron ore

B. Copper

C. Lead and Zinc

D. Manganese

Ans: A

54. Bull-Seal of Indus valley civilization was found at:

A. Harappa

B. Chanhudaro

C. Lothal

D. Mohenjodaro

Ans:A

55. Incorrect about Inflation:

Ans: Fr some commodities retain prices are also considered for measurement of Inflation

56. District with least population density in rajasthan:

A. Bikaner

B. Barmer

C. Jaisalmer

D. Jodhpur

Ans: C

57. Bio-Magnification means:

Ans: Increasing the amount of pesticides in the organisms of successive tropic level.

58. CHANDRAYAN-I was lauched from:

A. Orissa

B. Tamilnadu

C. Karnataka

D. AP

Ans: D

59. By which process Alum cleans the muddy water:

A. Absorption

B. Adsorption

C. Coagulation

D. Dialysis

Ans: C

61. Handloom mark shows the standard of:

A. Handloom cloths

B. Craft works

C. Hand embroidery

D. Hand Block printing

Ans: A

62. Which country has signed an agreement on Civil nuclear cooperation with India in sept. 2008:

A. Australia

B. Japan

C. Brazil

D. France

Ans: D

63. Who was appointed the president of South africa after resignation of Thabo Mbeki:

Ans: Kglea Motlanthe

64. Desert development programme was started in rajasthan:

A. 1960-61

B. 1977-78

C. 1982-82

D. 1994-95

Ans: B

65.  Which pair is matching:

Ans: Masuria Dori - Kota

66. Under whose command marwari forces was sent to support sanga against Babar:

A. Rao ganga

B. Maldeo

C. Biram Deo

D. Suja

Ans: B

67. The Hot spot of biodiversity in india:

Ans: Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghat

68. Who has been chosen for Bharat Ratna:

A. Devanand

B. Pandit Bhimsen Jodhi

C. Kanshi Ram

D. Atal Bihari Vajpayee

69. Mahakma Baquit was used for:

Ans: Charge the revenue arearers in good harvest year

71. Generally Coral reefs are found at:

Ans: Between tropics of Cancer and Capricorn coastal areas.

72. Which one of following is used for synthesis of Polythene:

A. Methan

B. Ethane

C. Propane

D. Butane

Ans: B

73. A Bird eye review of macro economic development under various programmes launched by the state govt. in rajasthan is availabe in:

Ans: Economic Review

74. How many Million plus cities india have (CENSUS 2001)

A. 39

B. 49

C. 29

D. 59

Ans: A

75. National water development agency was established in year:

A. 1969

B. 1970

C. 1980

D. 1990

Ans: C

76. Author of Nyaya darshan was:

A. Gautam

B. Kanad

C. Kapil

D. Badrayan

Ans: A

77. KANDHAMAL is part of:

A. Orissa

B. Rajasthan

C. Maharashtra

D. Gujarat

Ans: A

78. Indian PM elected RS MP from:

A. Punjab

B. Assam

C. Haryana

D. Gujarat

Ans: B

79. In which province Muslim league formed govt. after 1946 election:

A. Bengal

B. North east frontier

C. Punjab

D. Bihar

Ans: A

80. Which city is known as Menchaster of rajasthan:

A. Kota

B. Udaipur

C. Pali

D. Bhilwara

Ans: D

81. Pheromones are found in:

A. Insects

B. Snakes

C. Birds

D. Bats

Ans: A

82. Which is not part of seven sisters:

A. Meghalaya

B. West bengal

C. Arunachal Pradesh

D. Tripura

Ans: B

83. Main function of colonisation in rajasthan is to:

A. Provide residential plots

B. Acquire land by govt.

C. provide irrigation facility

D. Allot land

84. Who is governor of West Bengal:

A. Gopal Gandhi

B. Shiv charan mathur

C. Surjit singh barnala

D. Nawal kishore sharma

Ans: A

85. Which act intriduced DYARCHY at the center:

A. Act of 1909

B. Govt of India, ACT 1919

C. Govt of India, ACT 1935

D. Govt of Indai, ACT 1947

Ans: C

86. Symbol of world wild life is:

A. Polar bear

B. White bear

C. Red panda

D. Cheeta

Ans: C

88. In which direction Monsoon rainfall in rajasthan increases

A. Southwest-northeast

B. Southeast-Northwest

C. Northwest-Southeast

89.Dhawadiya were the persons:

Ans: Who used to participate in the race.

90. By which process the sea water can be converted into pure water:

A. Deliquescence

B. Efflorescence

C. Electric separation

D. Reverse Osmosis

Ans: D

91. Jal durg is situated at:

A. Ajmer

B. Aamer

C. Siwana

D. Gangron

92. Azolla-Anabaena Bio-fertilizer is used for crop:

A. Wheat

B. Rice

C. Mustard

D. Cotton

93. "Bani Thani" Painting is related to:

A. Bundi school

B. Kishangarh School

C. Chavand school

D. Jaipur School

94. Which group of district has highest forest area:

A. Baran-udaipur, chittorgarh

B. Bharatpur, jhalawar,kota

C. Karauli, sirohi, dungarpur

D. Banswara,dholpur,rajsamand

Ans: A

95. Which statement is false:

Ans: The Blue wave scattered more than violet wave of light so that the sky appears blue.

96. Maximum production of KHAS comes from:

A. Sawaimadhopur, tonk, bharatpur

B. Ganganagar, dausa, alawar

C. Jhalawar, Kota-Bundi

D. Dungarpur-Banswara-Udaipur

Ans: A

97. Who represented Congress in 2nd Round table conference:

A. Jawaharlal nehru

B. Motilal nehru

C. Abdul kalam azad

D. Mahatma gandhi

Ans: D

98. Author of "VANSA BHASKAR":

A. Bankidas

B. Gauri shankar ojha

C. Shyamaldas

D. Surajmal Mishran

Ans: D

99. "MAITRI EXPRESS" train is introduced between:

A. Kolkata and dhaka

B. Amritsar and lahore

C. Delhi and srinagar

D. Lucknow and kathmandu

Ans: A

100. Baxa tiger project is located at:

A. MP

B. Rajasthan

C. Gujarat

D. West bengal

Ans: D

RAS/RTS Exam GK Solved Question Paper 2010

1.  1 Fourth buddhist council held in Kashmir under emperor:

A. Ashoka

B. Kala Ashok

C. Kanishka

D. Ajatshatru

Ans: C

2. Which place is situated between valley of Ghagghar and its tributaries:

A. Aalamgirpur

B. Lothal

C. Mohan Jodaro

D. Banawali

Ans: D

3. During Mourya period the Tax on Land was collected by officer:

A. Agronomai

B. Shulka-adhyaksha

C. Sita- Adhyaksha

D. Aka-Adhyaksha

Ans: C

4. During Gupta Period, Gujarat, Bengal, Deccan and Tamil is center of:

A. Cloth Production

B. Jewellary

C. Handicrafts

D. Afeef cultivation

Ans: A

5. During Sangam period Kon, Ko and Mannan is synonyms of:

A. Prime Minister

B. Finance Minister

C. Army Chief

D. King

Ans: D

6. "Ashta Diggaj" name is used for king:

A. Shivaji

B. Krishna dev rai

C. Rajendra -I

D. Yashovardhan

Ans: B

7. First Murti-Pooja(idol worship) in India was done for:

A. Brahma

B. Vishnu

C. Buddha

D. Shiv

Ans: C

8. Write of Book "Kitab-Ul-Hind" is:

A. Hasan Nizami

B. Minhas us siraj

C. Albaruni

D. Shams-A-Siraj afif

Ans: C

9. During Akbar period Land revenue system "Ain-A-Dahsala" was developed by"

A. Shahnawaj Khan

B. Abdul rahim Khankhana

C. Todarmal

D. Mullah Do Pyaja

Ans: C

10. "God know only good things of Human not his Caste, In next world there will not be any caste" This belongs to which scent:

A, Ramanand

B. Dadu

C. Nanak

D. Ramanuj

Ans: C

11.First three Universities (Kolkata, Mumbai, Madras) was etablished in year:

A. 1857

B. 1881

C. 1885

D. 1905

Ans: A

12. 1924 Congress adhiveshan was held under chairmanship of Mahatma Gandhi at:

A. Gaya

B. Amritsar

C. Belgaon

D. Kanpur

Ans: A

13. On 14th July 1942, "BHARAT CHODO ANDOLAN" was passed at:

A. Bombay

B. Vardha

C. Lucknow

D. Tripura

Ans: A

14. 19th century's main Parsi Socialite is:

A. Jamshed Ji

B. Rustam Bahramji

C. Nawaji Tata

D. Bahramji M Mallbari

15. Find the Unmatched from following:

A. Mahi Bajaj sagar - Gujarat and Rajasthan

B. Chambal Pariyojna - Rajasthan and MP

C. Vyas Pariyojna - Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana

D. Indira Gandhi Canal - Rajasthan and Punjab

Ans: D

16. Chota Nagpur plateau is known for:

A. Skilled workers

B. Minerals

C. Hydraulic Power

D. Fertile Soil

Ans: B

17. State with Highest Minerals exploration is:

A. Karnataka

B. Kerala

C. Maharashtra

D. Tamilnadu

18. Tamilnadu-Andhrapradesh coastal area is known as:

A. Coromandel

B. Malabar

C. Konkan

D. North Sarkar

Ans: A

19. Rain during winter in Tamilnadu is because of:

A. Western Vikshob

B. South-West Mansoon

C. North-East Mansoon

D. South-East Mansoon

Ans: C

20. Maximum area of Manipur is:

A. Plain

B. Hill

C. plateau

D. Marsh (DALDAL)

Ans: B

21. Western Himalay is known for:

A. Forest

B. Metalic Minerals

C. Non-Metalic Minerals

D. Atomic Minerals

Ans: A

22. Kapili River is tributary of Following river:

A. Gnga

B. Gandak

C. Kosi

D. Brahmputra

Ans: D

Tips from www.rasexam.com: Rivers in India

23.  Khari River is part of which River system:

A. Arab Sagar

B. Internal

C. None

D. Bay of Bengal

Ans: A

Tips from www.rasexam.com: Rivers in India

24.  Sariska and Ranthambore is reserved for which animal:

A. Lion

B. Deer

C. Bear

D. Tiger

Ans: D

25. Which is newest Biosphere reserve of India:

A. Nokrek

B. Dehang Debang

C. Simpilipal

D. Cold Desert

Ans: C

26. Which of following is Not union territory:

A. Tripura

B. Daman and Deu

C. Lakshyadweep

D. Pudducherry

Ans: A

27. Kerala is known in world for:

A. Rubber

B. Sugarcane

C. Spices(GARAM-MASALE)

D. Rice

Ans: C

28. National park known for Rhino(GENDA):

A. Kaziranga

B. Gir

C. Ranthambore

D. Carbet

Ans: A

29. Mixed Agriculture is:

A. Growing different crops

B. Rabi and Khareef Crops at same time

C. Various Crops with Animal

D. Crops and Vegetables both at same time

30. "MOKA" coffee is produced by:

A. Iraq

B. Brazil

C. Argentina

D. Yaman

Ans: D

31. Which region is known for its Metals in South America:

A. Plateau of Brazil

B. Boliviya Plateau

C. Pentagonia Plateau

D. Oriniko Besin

Ans: A

32. Celebes sea is situated at:

A. Central America

B. South-East Asia

C. Arctic Sea

D. North Sea

Ans: B

33. "KALI MANTAN" is part of:

A. Honsu

B. Borniyo

C. Kyuba

D. Medagaskar

Ans: B

34. Baku is known for which Mineral::

A. Gold

B. Iron

C. Crude Oil

D. Zinc

Ans: C

35. Chilli is know for Mineral:

A. Gold

B. Manganese

C. Nitrate

D. Crude Oil

Ans: C

36. Which statement is correct:

A. India is situated on Western Hemisphere

B.  Caspian Sea is Open sea

C. Rajasthan is situated in Cold desert region

D. North and South Poles are opposite poles

Ans: D

37. Indian Rupees Policy decision is taken by:

Ans: RBI

38. India Import which agri product:

A. Pulses

B. Coffee

C. Sugar

D. Food Oil

Ans: D

39. Which One is different:

A. TIL

B. GROUNDNUT (MOONGFALI)

C. ARANDI

D. SARSO(MUSTARD)

Ans: C

40. ICE float over water because of:

Ans: Low density from Water

41. Microscore uses which lens:

Ans: Convex

42. First Organic compound Produced in Laboratory was:

A. Citric Acid

B. Ackzelic Acid

C. Nitric Acid

D. Urea

Ans: D

43. Which is organic Acid:

A. Citric Acid

B. Sulfuric Acid

C. Nitric Acid

D. Sulfuric Acid

Ans: A

44. Petrol Contains:

A. Carbon+ Udajan

45. Carrier of parasite plasmodium:

A. Fly

B. Mosquito

C.Teek

D. Air

Ans: B

46. Color of leave is green because:

Ans: It reflect Green color and absorb other colors

47. Making of Curd from Milk is because of:

A. Virus

B. Bacteria

C. Prozoa

D. Other

Ans: B

48. H5N1 influenza is:

A. Goat flu

B. Bird Flu

C. Horse Flu

D. Cow Flu

Ans: B

49. Baby Blue Syndrome is because of:

A. Phasphate

B. Sulphate

C. Carbonate

D. Nitrate

Ans: D

50. Plant on Rocks are called:

A. ADHIPADEY

B. LAWANODBHIDHID

C. MARUDBHIDD

D. SHELLODBHIDD

Ans: D

51. Collection of preserved plant specimens:

A. Harbarium

B. Sanatorium

C. Planetarium

D. Sabhaghar

Ans: A

52. Which one is known as "Flame of the Forest" is:

A. Butea monosperma

B. Bauhinia variegata

C. Jacaranda mimosifolia

D. Tectona grandis

Ans: A Butea monosperma(PALAS)

53. Which of following is Mammals:

A. Sharka

B. Skiwd

C. Octopus

D. Wheal

Ans: D

54. Ozon Layer save earth from:

Ans: Dangerous Rays from Sun

55. Raman effect is used in:

A. Sun Glasses

B. Space ships

C. Atom Bomb

D. Intelligence devices

Ans: A

56. On July 2010, Which vehicle of ISRO launches 5 Satellite:

A. GSLB

B. PLSV

C. ESLV

D. SLV

Ans: B

57. Highest cattle fair is held in Rajasthan's district:

Ans: Nagaur

58. Which one is wrong:

A. Western rajasthan mostly have salty water lakes

B. Sambhar lake is biggest Salty water lake of India

C. Nakki Lake is deepest lake of Rajasthan

D. Rajsamand Lake is situated 64 km from Udaipur in Udaipur dist..

Ans: D

59. Mewanagar is known for:

A. Parshwanath Jain Temple

D. Dry Fruits

C. For Jeera Production

D. Handicrafts

Ans: A

60. Ganga Canel was constructed in year:

A. 1930

B. 1927

C. 1944

D. 1921

Ans: B

61. New Industrial and Investment Policy 2012 have:

Ans: Non promotions of PPP

62. RIICO recently sighn MOU with which Japani Company:

A. JetrO

B. Hetro

C. Honda Ceol

D. Mitsubhishi

Ans: D

63. 600 Acre land alloted to which car manufacturing company in Khuskhera, Bhiwani:

A. Ford

B. Toyata

C. Honda Ceol

D. Wolkswagon

Ans: C

64. 14 NELB, 1JV, 2 Nomination Blocks are related to:

A. Zypsum

B. Gold

C. Petrol

C. Lignite

Ans: C

65. Rajasthan Govt and railway introduced which tourist train on 11 Jan. 2012:

A. Princely Rajasthan on wheel

B. Royal rajputana on wheel

C. Great Rajputana on wheel

D. Royal Rajasthan on wheel

Ans: D

66. "CHAPPANIYA KA KAL" held in year:

A. 1899-1900

B. 1905-1906

C. 19561958

C. 1888-1889

Ans: A

67. 70 Degree East longitude passes through:

A. Jodhpur

B. Jaisalmer

C. Dholpur

D. Nagaur

Ans: Jaisalmer

68. District spread in North-South Direction is:

A. Jhalawar

B. Bhilwara

C. Chittorgarh

D. Jhunjhunu

Ans: C

69. "CHAPPAN BESIN" is situated at:

A. Alwar

B. Banswara

C. Pali

D. Tonk

Ans: B

70. Desert is spread in Rajastha's total area of:

A. More than 60%

B. Less than 305

C. 40%

D. 50%

Ans: A

71. Minimu air Pressure during May Month is at:

A. Bundi

B. Baran

C. Jaisalmer

D. Rajsamand

72. Famous English Historian during 19th century who wrote about Rajasthan is:

A. Col. James Tod

B. LP Tesitori

C. Jorge Greyrsan

D. Jon Thomas

Ans: A

73. Who repaired the Achalgarh fort::

A, Ratan singh

B. Sanga

C. Kumbha

D. Rajsingh

Ans: C

74. Rajasthan's Historian who is also socialite:

A. Mankaran sharda

B. Harbilas Sharda

C. CK Walteyar

D. Jamanalal Bajaj

Ans: B

75. Which Folk deity has Longest Song:

A. Jeen mata

B. Aae mata

C. Mallinath Ji

D. Ramdev Ji

76. Which King of Rajasthan contributed for Banaras Hindu Universtiy:

A. Fateh singh

B. Ummed singh

C. Mansingh -II

D. Ganga singh

Ans: D

77. RAPRAMUKH of rajasthan on 25 march 1948 was appointed:

A. Dholpur king

B. Karauli King

C. Kota King

D. Sirohi King

Ans:C

78. First Corporate Samiti in 1905 in rajasthan was formed at:

A. Bhinai, Ajmer

B. Jawala, Nagaur

C, Gulabpura, Bhilwara

D. Bassi, Jaipur

Ans: A

79. As per 2003 records, District with Highest Density and Animals is:

A. 144, Dungarpur

B. 150 Barmer

C. 160, Bikaner

D. 165, Bharatpur

Ans: A

80. National Ayourvedic Institute is situated at:

A, Jaipur

B, Jodhpur

C. Udaipur

D. Kota

Ans: A

81. Dhaman, Karad and Anjan is:

A. type of sheep

B. Singer of Gawari dance

C. Type of grass

D. Type of seeds

Ans: C

82. Bank of Rajasthan was merged into:

A. SBI

B. ICICI

C. HDFC

D. SBBJ

Ans: B

83. Kehrani of Bhiwari was in news because of:

A. Scent Gobin Glass factory

B. Divya Pharmesy

C. Toyota Motors

D. Honda Ceol

Ans: A

84. Which country has highest loan from world bank after India:

A. South Africa

B. Brazil

C. Iran

D. Maxico

Ans: D

85. CM of Karnataka is:

A. BS Yedurappa

B. SM Krishna

D. Devegoda

D. Rohiyah

Ans: A

87. During 2010, Naga students protest which state is highest affected:

A. Nagaland

B. Manipur

C. Arunachal Pradesh

D. Mijoram

Ans: B

88. Who is secretary of Ministeries:

A. JK Pillai

B. Chandrashekar

C. T Shrinivasan

D. Madhukar Gupta

89. Who appointed Jharkhand CM in sept. 2010

A. Shibu Soren

B. Arjun Munda

C. Subodh kant sahay

D. Madhu koda

Ans: B

90. Who is chaiman of CII

A. Rahul Bajaj

B, M Dalmiya

C. Hari Bhartiya

D. Sunil Mittal

Ans: C

91. MNC Posco want to invest Rs. 52000 Crore in:

A. Chhattisgarh

B. Jharkhand

C. West bengal

D. Orrisa

Ans: D

92. G8 Muskoka is related to:

A. International Terrorism

B. Maternal and Child health

C. International Clash

D. Greenhouse gases

Ans; B

93. ST category belongs to:

A. Hindu

B. No limited to religions

C. Hindu and Christians

D. Hindu and Muslims

Ans: C

94. Writer of "One night @ Call center":

A. Anurag mathur

B. Vikram seth

C. Lahidi

D. Chetan Bhagat

Ans: D

95. Maradona belongs to:

A. Argentina

B. Brazil

C. Spain

D. Italy

Ans: A

96. PM of UK is:

A. Tony Bleyar

B. Gardon brown

C. David camron

D. David Miliband

Ans: C

97. President of Iran is:

A. M Khomeni

B. E Mousavi

C. M. Ahmedenejad

D. S. Chisti

Ans: C

98. Which country is not part of SAARC:

A. Afganistan

B. Bhutan

C. Maldiv

D. Mayanmar

Ans: d

99. Headquarter of CAIRN energy is situated at:

A. Scotland

B. South Coria

C. Brazil

D.USA

Ans: A

100. "Graveyard of dinosaurs" is:

A. China

B. Montana

C. Argentina

D. Brazil

Ans: B

भारतीय संविधान

1. भारतीय संविधान तदर्थ न्‍यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति की व्‍यवस्‍था कहॉं करता है?

2. भारत में पंचायती राज से संबंधित 73वां संशोधन अधिनियम कब लागू हुआ?

3. जम्‍मू कश्‍मीर का संविधान कब लागू हुआ?

4. भारत में किसी नये राज्‍य की स्‍थापना किसकी अनुमति से की जा सकती है? ...

5. नीति निर्देशक तत्‍वों का क्रियान्‍यवन किस पर निर्भर करता है?

6. भारत सरकार का कौन सा पदाधिकारी संसद के किसी भी सदन की कार्यवाही में भाग ले सकता है?

7. भारतीय संविधान में प्रदत्‍त मूलभूत अधिकारों को कौन निलम्बित कर सकता है?

8. किसकी अनुमति के बिना राज्‍य की विधान सभा में कोई धन विधेयक पेश नहीं किया जा सकता?

9. वित्‍तमंत्री केन्‍द्रीय बजट को लोकसभा में किस दिन प्रस्‍तुत करता है?

10. वित्‍त आयोग की स्‍थापना का प्राविधान संविधान के किस अनुच्‍छेद के अन्‍तर्गत किया गया है?

11. स्‍वतंत्र भारत के प्रथम लोक सभा अध्‍यक्ष कौन थे?

12. वर्तमान में भारत के लोकसभा उपाध्‍यक्ष कौन हैं?

13. किस वाद में सर्वोच्‍च न्‍यायालय ने मूल अधिकारों में संशोधन करने की संसद की शक्ति को मान्‍य किया?

14. किस संशोधन विधेयक के द्वारा अनुसूचित जाति एवं जनजाति आयोग को वैधानिक दर्जा दिया गया?

15. भारतीय संविधान के किस अनुच्‍छेद के अन्‍तर्गत जम्‍मू-कश्‍मीर को विशेष दर्जा प्राप्‍त है?

उत्‍तरमाला

1. उच्‍चतम न्‍यायालय में

2. 24 अप्रैल, 1994 को

3. 26 जनवरी, 1957

4. संसद की अनुमति से

5. सरकार के पास उपलब्‍ध संसाधनों पर

6. महान्‍यायवादी (एटार्नी जनरल)

7. राष्‍ट्रपति

8. राज्‍यपाल

9. फरवरी के अन्तिम कार्य दिवस में

10. अनु0 250

11. गणेश वासुदेव मावलंकर

12. करिया मुण्‍डा

13. केशवानन्‍द भारती वाद

14. 65वां संविधान संशोधन

15. अनु0 370

Humayun (1530 – 40 and 1555 – 56)

•He was born to Mahim Begam and Babur. The throne inherited by Humayun was not a bed of roses.

• Babar had practically got no time to consolidate his position and authority. Before he could put the whole country on a stable basis, he was gone.

• He did a blunder by dividing his empire among his three brothers – Kamran, Hindal and Askari.

• Built Dinpanah at Delhi as his second capital.

• Defeated the Afghan forces at Daurah in 1532.

The Afghan Interlude

Sher Shah Suri History(1540 – 1545) :

•Real name was Farid. Given the title Sher Khan by Babar Khan Lohani (Governor of Bihar) who appointed him Vakil (deputy).

• Became the master of Delhi after the exit of Humayun.

• Crushed the Rajput forces of Marwar at Samel in 1544.

• Died in 1545 while campaigning against Kalinjar Fort.

Shershah’s Administration :

• For administrative convenience, Shershah divided his whole empire into 47 divisions called sarkars, and sarkars into smaller parganas. In the field of central administration, Shershah followed the Sultanate pattern. There were – four main central departments, viz, Diwan – i – wizarat, Diwan – i – arz, Diwan – i – insha and Diwan – i – rasalat.

• His Land Revenue System is noteworthy as he classified his land under 3 heads – good, middle and bad, and claimed 1 / 3rd of the produce. Land was measured by using the Sikandari – gaz (32 points). Todarmal contributed greatly in the development of revenue policy of Shershah. Akbar also adopted the same revenue policy, albeit with some amendments.

• Shershah personally supervised the recruitment of the soldiers and paid them directly, He revived Alauddin’s system of branding the horses (daag) and keeping a descriptive roll of soldiers (chehra).

• Shershah introduced a regular postal service. He also attempted to fix standard weights and measures.

• Introduced the silver ‘Rupaya’ and the copper ‘Dam’ and abolished all old and mixed metal currency. He promoted the cause of trade and commerce by reducing the number of the customs duty collection points to just two :

1. Goods produced in Bengal or imported from outside had to pay customs duty at Sikrigali (at the border of Bengal and Bihar).

2. For the goods coming from West and Central Asia at the Indus.

• Shershah improved communication by building roads. The roads built by Shershah are called ‘the arteries of the empire’. Sarais were built on roads. He restored the old imperial road called Grand Trunk road, from the Indus River to Sonargaor, in Bengal.

• Built his tomb at Sasaram in Bihar.

• Built a new city on the bank of Yamuna River (present day Purana Qila).

• Malik Mohammad Jaisi composed Padmavat (in Hindi) during his reign.

• Abbas Khan Sarwani was his historian, who wrote Tarikh – i – SherShahi.

• Sher Shah Suri gradually gained power during his time.

• He was attacked by Sher Shah at Chausa (Battle of Chausa) in 1539, but escaped. Here Humayun was saved by Nizam, a water carrier (saqqa).

• But in the Battle of Kannauj (also called Battle of Bilgram) in 1540, he was defeated by Sher Shah and had to flee.

• Passed nearly 15 years (1540 – 1555) in exile.

• First fled to Sind, which was under Shah Hussain Arghuna. In 1545, he went to the Persian emperor’s court.

• Had the chance to return in 1555. Sher Shah, the victor of Kannauj, died in 1545. He was succeeded by his son Islam Shah, who ruled up to 1553. He was succeeded by Muhammad Adil Shah.

• He was very fond of pleasures and left the affairs of his government in the hands of Hemu, his minister. His authority was challenged by Ibrahim Shah and Sikandar Shah. There were a large number of bloody battles among the various rivals. The net result of all this was that the Suri Empire was broken up.

• Bairam Khan, his most faithful officer, helped him in this.

• Died in 1556, due to a fall from his library building stairs (Sher Mandal, Delhi) seven months after he captured Delhi. It is said about him that “Humayun tumbled through life and he tumbled out of it”.

•Gulbadan Begum, his half – sister, wrote Humayun – nama.

Babar Emperor (1526 – 1530)

:

•Was a descended of Timur on his father’s side and Chengiz Khan on his mother’s side. His family belonged to the Chaghtai section of the Turkish race and were commonly known as Mughals.

• Originally ruledover Ferghana (Afghanistan). He became the Sultan at the early age of 12, when his father Sultan Umar Shaikh Mirza died.

• He was invited to attack India by Daulat Khan Lodhi (Subedar of Punjab), Alam Khan (uncle of Ibrahim Lodhi) and Rana Sanga. Defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

• In this Babar used the Rumi (Ottoman) device of lashing a large number of carts to form a defending wall with breastwork in between to rest guns (Tulghama system of warfare). His artillery was led by Ustad Ali and Mustafa.

• Defeated Sangram Singh (Rana Sanga) of Mewar in the Battle of Khanua in 1527. This weakened the Rajput confederacy and strengthened Babar’s position. Babar took the tide of “Ghazi” after that.

• Defeated another Rajput ruler, Medini Rai (of Chanderi) in the Battle of Chanderi in 1528.

• Defeated the Afghan chiefs under Mahmud Lodi brother of Ibrahim Lodi) in the Battle of Ghagra in 1529.

• His victories led to rapid popularization of gunpowder and artillery in India.

• Died in 1530. Buried at Aram Bagh in Agra; later his body was taken to Aram Bagh, Kabul.

• His memoir, the Tazuk – i – Baburi in Turki language is a classic of world literature. It shows his humane outlook and sensitivity to the beauty of nature. Also wrote ‘Masnavf.

Note : After the Kushans, Babur was the first to bring Kabul and Kandahar into the Indian Empire, which provided stability since it was the staging post of invasions of India.

This helped in promoting trade since these towns were the starting points of caravans meant for China in the east and Mediterranean in the west.